Abstract
Results from oversowing trials in the tussock grasslands have shown that nodulation problems can limit the establishment of Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum). They also strongly suggest that previously reported difficulties with establishment of Caucasian clover, in areas where white clover (T. repens) had established sucessfully, were likely to be due to inoculation failures due to low numbers of rhizobia on the seed, or in the case of tetraploid cultivars, to the use of an unsatisfactory strain. With the tetraploid cultivar Treeline, inoculation with the recommended strain ICMP4074b resulted in low levels of effective seedling nodulation even with very high levels of rhizobia/seed at sowing (149 000). Treeline seedling nodulation was increased when inoculated with strain ICMP4073b, the approved strain for hexaploid cultivars, and the strain was effective at symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Effective seedling nodulation of both tetraploid Treeline and hexaploid Monaro cultivars inoculated with ICMP4073b increased as the number of rhizobia on the seed at sowing was increased. Low levels of seedling nodulation occurred when populations of rhizobia on the seed were in the range likely to be present when seed is slurry inoculated, or inoculated and pelleted and stored for several days before oversowing. To maximise effective nodulation, seed should be inoculated at least 5 times the recommended rate, with the incorporation of gum arabic in the slurry or pellet and oversown within one day. Keywords: Caucasian clover, establishment, inoculation, nodulation, rhizobia, Trifolium ambiguum
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Nodulation problems can limit Caucasian clover establishment.
- Taxon
- Caucasian clover
Trifolium ambiguume0 - Outcome
- establishmente0
- Direction
- limite0
- Qualifier
- nodulation problemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nodulation problems can limit the establishment of Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed previous establishment problems to inoculation failure or unsuitable rhizobial strains.
- Taxon
- Caucasian cloverTrifolium ambiguume0
- Interactor
- rhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- difficulties with establishmente0
- Qualifier
- inoculation failures due to low numbers of rhizobia on the seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“difficulties with establishment of Caucasian clover, in areas where white clover (T. repens) had established sucessfully, were likely to be due to inoculation failures due to low numbers of rhizobia on the seed, or in the case of tetraploid cultivars, to the use of an unsatisfactory strain”
Claim · model-written summary
Treeline inoculated with ICMP4074b had low effective seedling nodulation even at 149 000 rhizobia per seed.
- Taxon
- Caucasian cloverTrifolium ambiguume1
- Material
- Treelinee0
- Treatment
- inoculation with the recommended strain ICMP4074be0
- Interactor
- ICMP4074be0symbiont
- Outcome
- effective seedling nodulatione0
- Direction
- low levelse0
- Value
- 149 000e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the tetraploid cultivar Treeline, inoculation with the recommended strain ICMP4074b resulted in low levels of effective seedling nodulation even with very high levels of rhizobia/seed at sowing (149 000)”
e1“nodulation problems can limit the establishment of Caucasian clover”
Claim · model-written summary
ICMP4073b inoculation increased Treeline seedling nodulation.
- Taxon
- Caucasian cloverTrifolium ambiguume1
- Material
- Treelinee0
- Treatment
- inoculated with strain ICMP4073be0
- Interactor
- ICMP4073be0symbiont
- Outcome
- Treeline seedling nodulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- recommended strain ICMP4074be2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treeline seedling nodulation was increased when inoculated with strain ICMP4073b, the approved strain for hexaploid cultivars”
e1“nodulation problems can limit the establishment of Caucasian clover”
e2“recommended strain ICMP4074b”
Claim · model-written summary
ICMP4073b was effective at symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
- Taxon
- Caucasian cloverTrifolium ambiguume2
- Interactor
- ICMP4073be1symbiont
- Outcome
- symbiotic nitrogen fixatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the strain was effective at symbiotic nitrogen fixation”
e1“strain ICMP4073b”
e2“nodulation problems can limit the establishment of Caucasian clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing seed rhizobial numbers raised effective nodulation in Treeline and Monaro inoculated with ICMP4073b.
- Taxon
- Caucasian cloverTrifolium ambiguume1
- Material
- Treeline and hexaploid Monaro cultivarse0
- Treatment
- inoculated with ICMP4073be0
- Interactor
- ICMP4073be0symbiont
- Outcome
- Effective seedling nodulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effective seedling nodulation of both tetraploid Treeline and hexaploid Monaro cultivars inoculated with ICMP4073b increased as the number of rhizobia on the seed at sowing was increased”
e1“nodulation problems can limit the establishment of Caucasian clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Slurry inoculation or stored pellet seed had low seedling nodulation at likely rhizobial populations.
- Taxon
- Caucasian cloverTrifolium ambiguume1
- Interactor
- rhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- Low levels of seedling nodulatione0
- Qualifier
- seed is slurry inoculated, or inoculated and pelleted and stored for several days before oversowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low levels of seedling nodulation occurred when populations of rhizobia on the seed were in the range likely to be present when seed is slurry inoculated, or inoculated and pelleted and stored for several days before oversowing”
e1“nodulation problems can limit the establishment of Caucasian clover”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend inoculating at least five times the rate, adding gum arabic and oversowing within a day.
- Taxon
- Caucasian cloverTrifolium ambiguume1
- Outcome
- seed should be inoculated at least 5 times the recommended rate, with the incorporation of gum arabic in the slurry or pellet and oversown within one daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To maximise effective nodulation, seed should be inoculated at least 5 times the recommended rate, with the incorporation of gum arabic in the slurry or pellet and oversown within one day”
e1“nodulation problems can limit the establishment of Caucasian clover”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · symbiosis · Trifolium ambiguum (Caucasian clover)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.