Abstract
Thirteen biotypes of rigid ryegrass were screened for trifluralin resistance. From these, the two most resistant biotypes, SLR 31 and SLR 10, were chosen for further studies involving exposure to other dinitroanilines, mitosis-inhibiting herbicides and 14 C-trifluralin. SLR 31, and SLR 10 exhibited an approximate 10-fold reduced sensitivity to trifluralin in comparison to susceptible biotypes. Resistance to five other dinitroaniline herbicides was observed, with reduced sensitivity varying from 32-fold for ethalfluralin to 2.5-fold for isopropalin. The resistance in rigid ryegrass to other herbicides and drugs that affect mitosis were tested. Resistance comparable to that of trifluralin was recorded for the herbicides terbutol and DCPA, while low levels of cross-resistance to amiprophosmethyl was present. Trifluralin affected mitotic indices at a much lower level in the susceptible biotypes than in the resistant biotypes. No differences in the uptake and translocation of 14 C-trifluralin were observed between resistant and susceptible biotypes. Most of the 14 C detected in the plant material was in the root tissue. A small level of 14 C was detected in the seeds, and no substantial increases were noted in coleoptile tissue. The resistance spectra in SLR 31 and SLR 10 were phenotypically similar to those occurring in an intermediate trifluralin-resistant goosegrass and trifluralin-resistant green foxtail.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
SLR 31 and SLR 10 had about tenfold reduced trifluralin sensitivity relative to susceptible biotypes.
Verbatim
e0“SLR 31, and SLR 10 exhibited an approximate 10-fold reduced sensitivity to trifluralin in comparison to susceptible biotypes”
t0“Rigid Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance to five other dinitroanilines ranged from 32-fold for ethalfluralin to 2.5-fold for isopropalin.
Verbatim
e0“Resistance to five other dinitroaniline herbicides was observed, with reduced sensitivity varying from 32-fold for ethalfluralin to 2.5-fold for isopropalin”
t0“Rigid Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance to terbutol and DCPA was comparable to trifluralin resistance.
Verbatim
e0“Resistance comparable to that of trifluralin was recorded for the herbicides terbutol and DCPA”
t0“Rigid Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Low cross-resistance to amiprophosmethyl was present.
Verbatim
e0“low levels of cross-resistance to amiprophosmethyl was present”
t0“Rigid Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin affected mitotic indices at a lower level in susceptible than resistant biotypes.
Verbatim
e0“Trifluralin affected mitotic indices at a much lower level in the susceptible biotypes than in the resistant biotypes”
t0“Rigid Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Uptake and translocation of radiolabeled trifluralin did not differ between resistant and susceptible biotypes.
Verbatim
e0“No differences in the uptake and translocation of 14 C-trifluralin were observed between resistant and susceptible biotypes”
t0“Rigid Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Most detected radiolabel was in root tissue.
Verbatim
e0“Most of the 14 C detected in the plant material was in the root tissue”
t0“Rigid Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
A small radiolabel amount was detected in seeds.
Verbatim
e0“A small level of 14 C was detected in the seeds”
t0“Rigid Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
No substantial radiolabel increase was noted in coleoptile tissue.
Verbatim
e0“no substantial increases were noted in coleoptile tissue”
t0“Rigid Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
SLR 31 and SLR 10 resistance spectra were phenotypically similar to those in resistant goosegrass and green foxtail.
Verbatim
e0“The resistance spectra in SLR 31 and SLR 10 were phenotypically similar to those occurring in an intermediate trifluralin-resistant goosegrass and trifluralin-resistant green foxtail”
t0“Rigid Ryegrass”