Abstract
In addition to managing soilborne diseases, grafting with vigorous rootstocks has been shown to improve yield in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) production. However, the influence of different levels of nitrogen (N) and irrigation supplies on grafted tomato plants has not been fully examined in comparison with non-grafted plants, especially under field conditions. The objective of this two-year study was to determine the effects of different irrigation regimes and N rates on yield, irrigation water use efficiency (iWUE), and N use efficiency (NUE) of grafted tomato plants grown with drip irrigation in sandy soils of north Florida. The determinate tomato cultivar Florida 47 was grafted onto two interspecific hybrid rootstocks, ‘Beaufort’ and ‘Multifort’ ( S. lycopersicum × S. habrochaites S. Knapp & D.M. Spooner). Non-grafted ‘Florida 47’ was used as a control. Plants were grown in a fumigated field under 12 combinations of two drip irrigation regimes (50% and 100% of commonly used irrigation regime) and six N rates (56, 112, 168, 224, 280, and 336 kg·ha −1 ). The field experiments were arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. The whole plots consisted of the irrigation regime and N rate combination treatments, whereas the subplots represented the two grafting treatments and the non-grafted plants. Self-grafted ‘Florida 47’ was also included in the 100% irrigation and 224 kg N/ha fertilization treatment as a control. In 2010, the 50% irrigation regime resulted in higher total and marketable yields than the 100% irrigation regime. Tomato yield was significantly influenced by N rates, but similar yields were achieved at 168 kg·ha −1 and above. Plants grafted onto ‘Beaufort’ and ‘Multifort’ showed an average increase of 27% and 30% in total and marketable fruit yields, respectively, relative to non-grafted plants. In 2011, fruit yields were affected by a significant irrigation by N rate interaction. Grafting significantly increased tomato yields, whereas grafted plants showed greater potential for yield improvement with increasing N rates compared with non-grafted plants. Self-grafting did not affect tomato yields. More fruit per plant and higher average fruit weight as a result of grafting were observed in both years. Grafting with the two rootstocks significantly improved the irrigation water and N use efficiency in tomato production. Results from this study suggested the need for developing irrigation and N fertilization recommendations for grafted tomato production in sandy soils.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
In 2010, 50% irrigation gave higher total and marketable tomato yields than 100% irrigation.
- Taxon
- Tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- 50% irrigation regimee1
- Outcome
- total and marketable yieldse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- 100% irrigation regimee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In 2010, the 50% irrigation regime resulted in higher total and marketable yields than the 100% irrigation regime”
t0“Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato yield was significantly influenced by N rate.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- N ratese2
- Outcome
- Tomato yielde2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Tomato yield was significantly influenced by N rates”
t0“Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Similar tomato yields were achieved at N rates of 168 kg·ha −1 and above.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 168 kg·ha −1 and abovee3
- Outcome
- yieldse3
- Direction
- similare3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“similar yields were achieved at 168 kg·ha −1 and above”
t0“Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato plants grafted onto Beaufort and Multifort rootstocks had an average 27% increase in total fruit yields relative to non-grafted plants.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- grafted onto ‘Beaufort’ and ‘Multifort’e4
- Outcome
- fruit yieldse4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Value
- 27%e4
- Qualifier
- in totale4
- Comparator
- non-grafted plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Plants grafted onto ‘Beaufort’ and ‘Multifort’ showed an average increase of 27% and 30% in total and marketable fruit yields, respectively, relative to non-grafted plants”
t0“Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato plants grafted onto Beaufort and Multifort rootstocks had an average 30% increase in marketable fruit yields relative to non-grafted plants.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- grafted onto ‘Beaufort’ and ‘Multifort’e4
- Outcome
- marketable fruit yieldse4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Value
- 30%e4
- Qualifier
- averagee4
- Comparator
- non-grafted plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Plants grafted onto ‘Beaufort’ and ‘Multifort’ showed an average increase of 27% and 30% in total and marketable fruit yields, respectively, relative to non-grafted plants”
t0“Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting significantly increased tomato yields.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- Graftinge5
- Outcome
- yieldse5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Grafting significantly increased tomato yields”
t0“Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafted plants showed greater potential for yield improvement with increasing N rates than non-grafted plants.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- increasing N ratese6
- Outcome
- yield improvemente6
- Direction
- greater potentiale6
- Comparator
- non-grafted plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“grafted plants showed greater potential for yield improvement with increasing N rates compared with non-grafted plants”
t0“Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Self-grafting did not affect tomato yields.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume7
- Treatment
- Self-graftinge7
- Outcome
- yieldse7
- Direction
- did not affecte7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Self-grafting did not affect tomato yields”
t0“Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting gave more fruit per plant in both years.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- graftinge1
- Outcome
- fruit per plante1
- Direction
- Moree1
- Qualifier
- both yearse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“More fruit per plant and higher average fruit weight as a result of grafting were observed in both years”
t0“Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting gave higher average fruit weight in both years.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- graftinge1
- Outcome
- average fruit weighte1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- both yearse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“More fruit per plant and higher average fruit weight as a result of grafting were observed in both years”
t0“Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting with the two rootstocks significantly improved irrigation water and N use efficiency in tomato production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Grafting with the two rootstockse1
- Outcome
- irrigation water and N use efficiencye1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Grafting with the two rootstocks significantly improved the irrigation water and N use efficiency in tomato production”
t0“Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation and N fertilization recommendations for grafted tomato production in sandy soils are needed.
Verbatim
e1“Results from this study suggested the need for developing irrigation and N fertilization recommendations for grafted tomato production in sandy soils”
t0“Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit yields were affected by a significant irrigation by N rate interaction in 2011.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- irrigation by N rate interactione1
- Outcome
- fruit yieldse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In 2011, fruit yields were affected by a significant irrigation by N rate interaction”
t0“Yield, Water-, and Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Field-grown, Grafted Tomatoes”
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