Abstract
Results of trials on mechanical methods to release beneficials and on new techniques to apply sulphur are reported. The former were carried out on two predators, a phytoseiid mite and an anthocorid bug. Laboratory and greenhouse tests were conducted with the aim of evaluating the vitality and the damage eventually caused and setting the machine. The latter dealt with new techniques of sulphur application on tomato crops using dispensers transforming granular sulphur into vapour. In order to evaluate the effects of sublimated sulphur both on fungal diseases and arthropod pests, different trials have been carried out. The incidence and the severity index for airborne pathogens were bi-weekly evaluated and the infestations caused by some of the most relevant pests have been regularly monitored. Moreover, the incidence of the viral disease TYLCD has been evaluated. During the trials on mechanical methods, no physical damage to the beneficials was observed. The distribution in laboratory seems to be suitable for applications in biological control programs, and the results on protected sweet pepper crops showed a better spatial distribution and a more effective interaction beneficials/preys in the “mechanically released” plots than in the “manually released” ones. The trials on sublimated sulphur confirmed the good effectiveness of the technique in controlling natural infection of tomato powdery mildew as well as a moderate efficacy on tomato late blight. A good protection has been registered in the case of arthropod pests: the tomato russet mite was totally controlled; appreciable results were also obtained on phytophagous insects. A significant reduction in viral infections was also observed.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical release caused no observed physical damage to the beneficial predators.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper crops
Capsicum annuume1 - Outcome
- no physical damage to the beneficialse0
- Direction
- no physical damagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the trials on mechanical methods, no physical damage to the beneficials was observed.”
e1“protected sweet pepper crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Laboratory distribution of mechanically released predators appeared suitable for biological control programs.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper cropsCapsicum annuume1
- Outcome
- distribution in laboratory seems to be suitablee0
- Value
- suitablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The distribution in laboratory seems to be suitable for applications in biological control programs”
e1“protected sweet pepper crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanically released beneficials had better spatial distribution than manually released beneficials on protected sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper cropsCapsicum annuume0
- Treatment
- mechanically releasede0
- Outcome
- spatial distributione0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- manually releasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the results on protected sweet pepper crops showed a better spatial distribution and a more effective interaction beneficials/preys in the “mechanically released” plots than in the “manually released” ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanically released beneficials had a more effective interaction with prey than manually released ones on protected sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper cropsCapsicum annuume0
- Treatment
- mechanically releasede0
- Outcome
- interaction beneficials/preyse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- manually releasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the results on protected sweet pepper crops showed a better spatial distribution and a more effective interaction beneficials/preys in the “mechanically released” plots than in the “manually released” ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Sublimated sulphur effectively controlled natural tomato powdery mildew infection.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- sublimated sulphure0
- Outcome
- natural infection of tomato powdery mildewe0
- Direction
- good effectivenesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The trials on sublimated sulphur confirmed the good effectiveness of the technique in controlling natural infection of tomato powdery mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
Sublimated sulphur had moderate efficacy against tomato late blight.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- sublimated sulphure0
- Outcome
- tomato late blighte0
- Direction
- moderate efficacye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sublimated sulphur confirmed the good effectiveness of the technique in controlling natural infection of tomato powdery mildew as well as a moderate efficacy on tomato late blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Sublimated sulphur totally controlled tomato russet mite.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- sublimated sulphure1
- Interactor
- tomato russet mitee0pest
- Outcome
- tomato russet mitee0
- Direction
- totally controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the tomato russet mite was totally controlled”
e1“The trials on sublimated sulphur confirmed the good effectiveness of the technique in controlling natural infection of tomato powdery mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
Sublimated sulphur produced appreciable control of phytophagous insects on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- sublimated sulphure1
- Interactor
- phytophagous insectse0pest
- Outcome
- phytophagous insectse0
- Direction
- appreciablee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“appreciable results were also obtained on phytophagous insects”
e1“The trials on sublimated sulphur confirmed the good effectiveness of the technique in controlling natural infection of tomato powdery mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
Sublimated sulphur trials showed a significant reduction in viral infections on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- sublimated sulphure1
- Outcome
- viral infectionse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant reduction in viral infections was also observed.”
e1“The trials on sublimated sulphur confirmed the good effectiveness of the technique in controlling natural infection of tomato powdery mildew”
The same questions in other papers
sulfur atom · pest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
sulfur atom · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.