Abstract
The effect of three herbicides (isoproturon, fluchloralin and 2,4-D) on chickpea rhizobia and their influence on chickpea -Rhizobium symbiosis, yields, N content and photosynthetic pigments of chickpea plants were determined. Higher concentrations of these herbicides clearly inhibited the growth of root nodule bacteria in vitro. Two fold than the recommended dose of these herbicides adversely affected the plant health, photosynthetic pigments and N content of chickpea. Normal and two fold rates of the herbicides except the double dose of fluchloralin increased the seed yield in chickpea crop. Nodulation and leghemoglobin were also negatively affected at rates two times higher than the recommended dose of each herbicide. Populations of specific and inoculated chickpea rhizobia within single nodule of each treated plants were also adversely affected by pesticide application and showed variation in rhizobial populations within each nodule as determined through replica immunoblot assay (RIBA).
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Higher herbicide concentrations inhibited the growth of root nodule bacteria in vitro
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- Higher concentrations of these herbicidese1
- Interactor
- root nodule bacteriae1symbiont
- Outcome
- growth of root nodule bacteriae1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Higher concentrations of these herbicides clearly inhibited the growth of root nodule bacteria in vitro”
t0“Effect of herbicides on growth,nodulation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice the recommended herbicide dose adversely affected chickpea plant health, photosynthetic pigments and N content
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Two fold than the recommended dose of these herbicidese2
- Outcome
- plant health, photosynthetic pigments and N contente2
- Direction
- adversely affectede2
- Comparator
- recommended dosee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Two fold than the recommended dose of these herbicides adversely affected the plant health, photosynthetic pigments and N content of chickpea”
t0“Effect of herbicides on growth,nodulation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal and twice-normal herbicide rates increased chickpea seed yield, except the double dose of fluchloralin
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Normal and two fold rates of the herbicidese3
- Outcome
- seed yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- except the double dose of fluchloraline3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Normal and two fold rates of the herbicides except the double dose of fluchloralin increased the seed yield in chickpea crop”
t0“Effect of herbicides on growth,nodulation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rates twice the recommended dose negatively affected nodulation and leghemoglobin
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- rates two times higher than the recommended dosee4
- Outcome
- Nodulation and leghemoglobine4
- Direction
- negatively affectede4
- Comparator
- recommended dosee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Nodulation and leghemoglobin were also negatively affected at rates two times higher than the recommended dose of each herbicide”
t0“Effect of herbicides on growth,nodulation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pesticide application adversely affected the populations of specific and inoculated chickpea rhizobia within nodules
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- pesticide applicatione5
- Interactor
- chickpea rhizobiae5symbiont
- Outcome
- Populations of specific and inoculated chickpea rhizobiae5
- Direction
- adversely affectede5
- Qualifier
- within single nodulee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Populations of specific and inoculated chickpea rhizobia within single nodule of each treated plants were also adversely affected by pesticide application”
t0“Effect of herbicides on growth,nodulation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobial populations varied within each nodule
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- variation in rhizobial populations within each nodulee6
- Qualifier
- as determined through replica immunoblot assay (RIBA)e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“showed variation in rhizobial populations within each nodule as determined through replica immunoblot assay (RIBA)”
t0“Effect of herbicides on growth,nodulation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
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