Abstract
Hedysarum fruticosum is one of the common species for combating desertification in the semi-arid area of China, mainly because of its ability of efficient regeneration from seed and quick clonal growth. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the effects of light intensity, constant temperature, alternating temperature and water potential (generated by PEG) on seed germination of H. fruticosum. It was found that under alternating temperature regimes, final percent germination increased from 87.2% to 99.2% when temperature increased from 5:15°C (night:day) to 10:20°C, then decreased with increasing temperature; germination could not take place at all under 25:35°C conditions in a 14h (215μmol m− 2 s− 1) photoperiod. Under dark conditions there was a similar final percent germination to that under light. The germination pattern under constant temperature conditions was similar to that under alternating temperature, and there were no significant differences in final percent germination and germination rate between alternating and constant temperature. Under varying light intensities, final percent germination of H. fruticosum showed no significant differences, with values always above 74.4%. When water potentials were reduced, final percent germination decreased dramatically, and few seeds could germinate at − 0.2MPa. The germination rate showed a pattern similar to that of final percent germination with changing water potentials. Based on the experimental results and environmental conditions in the study area, H. fruticosum seeds should be dispersed from early to mid-May so that germination requirements can be fulfilled and higher germination is possible.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Germination rose from 87.2% to 99.2% as alternating temperature rose from 5:15°C to 10:20°C.
Verbatim
e0“final percent germination increased from 87.2% to 99.2% when temperature increased from 5:15°C (night:day) to 10:20°C”
t0“Hedysarum fruticosum”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination declined as alternating temperature rose beyond 10:20°C.
- Taxon
- Hedysarum fruticosumCorethrodendron fruticosumt0
- Treatment
- increasing temperaturee0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“then decreased with increasing temperature; germination could not take place at all”
t0“Hedysarum fruticosum”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds did not germinate at 25:35°C under the stated photoperiod.
- Taxon
- Hedysarum fruticosumCorethrodendron fruticosumt0
- Treatment
- 25:35°Ce0
- Outcome
- germination could not take place at alle0
- Qualifier
- 14h (215μmol m− 2 s− 1) photoperiode0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“germination could not take place at all under 25:35°C conditions in a 14h (215μmol m− 2 s− 1) photoperiod”
t0“Hedysarum fruticosum”
Claim · model-written summary
Darkness yielded similar final germination to light.
Verbatim
e0“Under dark conditions there was a similar final percent germination to that under light.”
t0“Hedysarum fruticosum”
Claim · model-written summary
Constant and alternating temperature gave similar germination patterns.
Verbatim
e0“The germination pattern under constant temperature conditions was similar to that under alternating temperature”
t0“Hedysarum fruticosum”
Claim · model-written summary
Final germination percentage did not differ significantly between alternating and constant temperatures.
Verbatim
e0“there were no significant differences in final percent germination and germination rate between alternating and constant temperature”
t0“Hedysarum fruticosum”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination rate did not differ significantly between alternating and constant temperatures.
Verbatim
e0“there were no significant differences in final percent germination and germination rate between alternating and constant temperature”
t0“Hedysarum fruticosum”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination exceeded 74.4% without significant differences across light intensities.
- Taxon
- H. fruticosumCorethrodendron fruticosume0
- Treatment
- varying light intensitiese0
- Outcome
- final percent germinatione0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Value
- 74.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Under varying light intensities, final percent germination of H. fruticosum showed no significant differences, with values always above 74.4%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower water potential sharply decreased final germination.
- Taxon
- Hedysarum fruticosumCorethrodendron fruticosumt0
- Treatment
- water potentials were reducede0
- Outcome
- final percent germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- − 0.2MPae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“When water potentials were reduced, final percent germination decreased dramatically, and few seeds could germinate at − 0.2MPa.”
t0“Hedysarum fruticosum”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination rate followed the same pattern as final germination across water potentials.
Verbatim
e0“The germination rate showed a pattern similar to that of final percent germination with changing water potentials.”
t0“Hedysarum fruticosum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend seed dispersal from early to mid-May for better germination.
- Taxon
- H. fruticosumCorethrodendron fruticosume0
- Treatment
- dispersed from early to mid-Maye0
- Outcome
- dispersed from early to mid-Maye0
Verbatim
e0“H. fruticosum seeds should be dispersed from early to mid-May so that germination requirements can be fulfilled and higher germination is possible.”