Abstract
Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. #4 ECHCG] and pigweeds (mixture of Amaranthus retroflexus L. # AMARE and A. powellii S. Wats. # AMAPO) seeded separately with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in mid-August suppressed alfalfa severely before frost killed them in October and November. Some alfalfa was killed, and yield of alfalfa forage was reduced in each of three harvests the following year. These weeds did not harm alfalfa seeded in mid-September. Downy brome (Bromus tectorum L. # BROTE) and tumble mustard (Sisymbrium altissimum L. # SSYAL) suppressed alfalfa seeded in August and September. They reduced alfalfa stands and reduced yield of alfalfa forage in each of three harvests the following year. Alfalfa seeded August 27 and allowed to compete with a mixture of these species for various periods was injured most by weeds that emerged with the alfalfa and remained uncontrolled until forage harvest in May. These weeds did not reduce alfalfa yields if removed by 36 days after alfalfa emergence. Thereafter, yield decreased as the period of weed interference increased. Interference was most damaging in early spring, when growth of winter annual weeds was rapid and vigorous. Weeds seeded 65 or more days after alfalfa emergence did not reduce alfalfa yields but sometimes produced enough biomass to reduce the quality of the first-cutting alfalfa hay.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Barnyardgrass seeded with alfalfa in mid-August severely suppressed alfalfa before frost.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- seeded separately with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in mid-Auguste0
- Interactor
- Barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-gallie0weed - Outcome
- suppressed alfalfae0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. #4 ECHCG] and pigweeds (mixture of Amaranthus retroflexus L. # AMARE and A. powellii S. Wats. # AMAPO) seeded separately with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in mid-August suppressed alfalfa severely before frost killed them in October and November.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigweeds seeded with alfalfa in mid-August severely suppressed alfalfa before frost.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- seeded separately with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in mid-Auguste0
- Interactor
- pigweedse0weed
- Outcome
- suppressed alfalfae0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. #4 ECHCG] and pigweeds (mixture of Amaranthus retroflexus L. # AMARE and A. powellii S. Wats. # AMAPO) seeded separately with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in mid-August suppressed alfalfa severely before frost killed them in October and November.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Some alfalfa plants were killed by these weeds.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- Some alfalfa was killede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some alfalfa was killed, and yield of alfalfa forage was reduced in each of three harvests the following year.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
The weeds reduced alfalfa forage yield in each of three harvests the next year.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- yield of alfalfa foragee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some alfalfa was killed, and yield of alfalfa forage was reduced in each of three harvests the following year.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Barnyardgrass and pigweeds did not harm alfalfa seeded in mid-September.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- seeded in mid-Septembere0
- Outcome
- did not harm alfalfae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These weeds did not harm alfalfa seeded in mid-September.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Downy brome suppressed alfalfa seeded in August and September.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- seeded in August and Septembere0
- Interactor
- Downy brome
Bromus tectorume0weed - Outcome
- suppressed alfalfae0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Downy brome (Bromus tectorum L. # BROTE) and tumble mustard (Sisymbrium altissimum L. # SSYAL) suppressed alfalfa seeded in August and September.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
tumble mustard suppressed alfalfa seeded in August and September.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- seeded in August and Septembere0
- Interactor
- tumble mustarde0weed
- Outcome
- suppressed alfalfae0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Downy brome (Bromus tectorum L. # BROTE) and tumble mustard (Sisymbrium altissimum L. # SSYAL) suppressed alfalfa seeded in August and September.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter annual weeds reduced alfalfa stands.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- alfalfa standse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They reduced alfalfa stands and reduced yield of alfalfa forage in each of three harvests the following year.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter annual weeds reduced forage yield in each of three harvests the following year.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- yield of alfalfa foragee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They reduced alfalfa stands and reduced yield of alfalfa forage in each of three harvests the following year.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa was most injured when weeds emerged with it and remained until May harvest.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- weeds that emerged with the alfalfa and remained uncontrolled until forage harvest in Maye0
- Outcome
- injured moste0
- Direction
- moste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa seeded August 27 and allowed to compete with a mixture of these species for various periods was injured most by weeds that emerged with the alfalfa and remained uncontrolled until forage harvest in May.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing weeds within 36 days of alfalfa emergence prevented yield reduction.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- removed by 36 days after alfalfa emergencee0
- Outcome
- alfalfa yieldse0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These weeds did not reduce alfalfa yields if removed by 36 days after alfalfa emergence.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa yield declined as weed interference lasted longer after 36 days.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- period of weed interferencee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thereafter, yield decreased as the period of weed interference increased.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed interference was most damaging in early spring.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Interferencee0
- Outcome
- most damaginge0
- Direction
- most damaginge0
- Qualifier
- early springe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interference was most damaging in early spring, when growth of winter annual weeds was rapid and vigorous.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds seeded at least 65 days after alfalfa emergence did not reduce alfalfa yield.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Weeds seeded 65 or more days after alfalfa emergencee0
- Outcome
- alfalfa yieldse0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weeds seeded 65 or more days after alfalfa emergence did not reduce alfalfa yields but sometimes produced enough biomass to reduce the quality of the first-cutting alfalfa hay.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-seeded weeds sometimes reduced first-cutting alfalfa hay quality through their biomass.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Weeds seeded 65 or more days after alfalfa emergencee0
- Outcome
- quality of the first-cutting alfalfa haye0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- sometimese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weeds seeded 65 or more days after alfalfa emergence did not reduce alfalfa yields but sometimes produced enough biomass to reduce the quality of the first-cutting alfalfa hay.”
t0“alfalfa”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · organism · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
competition · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.