Abstract
The most critical periods of infection of French beans were planted at two sites--Kabete, where temperatures are cool and Naivasha, where it is warmer. They were inoculated with the rust pathogen at six different stages of growth and diseases incidence and severity progress monitored. The stages were (V2) primary leaf, (V3) first trifoliate leaf, (V4) third trifoliate leaf, (R5) pre-flowering, (R6) flowering and (R7) pod formation stage. total pod yield were also determined for each treatment. Results showed that the stage of infection influenced yield and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Infections spread fastest and attacked more foliage on plants inoculated at growth stage V4 (third trifoliate) and R5 (pre-flowering). Infection increased quickly to more than 90% on many trifoliate leaves of plants inoculated at stages V3 and R5 and defoliation followed within six to seven weeks. The area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was over 10 units for plants inoculated before the pre-flowering stage (R5) stage as compared to 2.03 units in the protected control plants. Plants inoculated after stage R6 (flowering) did not develop infection to any significant levels. The highest yield reduction of 25.5% was realized from French beans inoculated at the third trifoliate leaf (stage V4) while a reduction of 22.9 was re>4) while a reduction of 22.9 was realised from beans inoculated at the pre-flowering stage (R5). The study showed that infection of French beans by rust reduced yield significantly when it occurred during or after the opening of the third trifoliate leaf and before flowering. It is recommended that chemicals to manage rust where it is prevalent should be applied at the third trifoliate stage of growth and before flowering
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Rust infection stage influenced yield and AUDPC.
- Taxon
- French beans
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Interactor
- infectione0pathogen
- Outcome
- yield and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the stage of infection influenced yield and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC).”
t0“French Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Infections spread fastest and affected more foliage after inoculation at V4 and R5.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- growth stage V4 (third trifoliate) and R5 (pre-flowering)e0
- Interactor
- Infectionse0pathogen
- Outcome
- Infections spread fastest and attacked more foliagee0
- Direction
- fasteste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infections spread fastest and attacked more foliage on plants inoculated at growth stage V4 (third trifoliate) and R5 (pre-flowering).”
t0“French Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection reached more than 90% on many trifoliate leaves after V3 and R5 inoculation.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- stages V3 and R5e0
- Outcome
- Infectione0
- Value
- more than 90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infection increased quickly to more than 90% on many trifoliate leaves of plants inoculated at stages V3 and R5”
t0“French Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation followed within six to seven weeks after V3 and R5 inoculation.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- defoliatione0
- Value
- six to seven weekse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants inoculated at stages V3 and R5 and defoliation followed within six to seven weeks.”
t0“French Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
AUDPC exceeded 10 units for plants inoculated before R5 versus 2.03 units in protected controls.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- inoculated before the pre-flowering stage (R5)e0
- Outcome
- area under disease progress curve (AUDPC)e0
- Direction
- overe0
- Value
- over 10 unitse0
- Qualifier
- 2.03 unitse0
- Comparator
- protected control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was over 10 units for plants inoculated before the pre-flowering stage (R5) stage as compared to 2.03 units in the protected control plants.”
t0“French Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation after R6 produced no significant infection.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- inoculated after stage R6 (flowering)e0
- Outcome
- infectione0
- Direction
- did not develope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants inoculated after stage R6 (flowering) did not develop infection to any significant levels.”
t0“French Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
V4 inoculation caused the greatest yield reduction, 25.5%.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- inoculated at the third trifoliate leaf (stage V4)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 25.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield reduction of 25.5% was realized from French beans inoculated at the third trifoliate leaf (stage V4)”
Claim · model-written summary
R5 inoculation reduced yield by the reported 22.9.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- inoculated at the pre-flowering stage (R5)e0
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 22.9e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a reduction of 22.9 was realised from beans inoculated at the pre-flowering stage (R5).”
t0“French Beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Rust infection from V4 until flowering significantly reduced French bean yield.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Interactor
- ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- during or after the opening of the third trifoliate leaf and before floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“infection of French beans by rust reduced yield significantly when it occurred during or after the opening of the third trifoliate leaf and before flowering.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend applying rust-management chemicals at V4 before flowering.
- Taxon
- French BeansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- chemicals to manage rust where it is prevalent should be applied at the third trifoliate stage of growth and before floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chemicals to manage rust where it is prevalent should be applied at the third trifoliate stage of growth and before flowering”
t0“French Beans”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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See all 195 papers →stage · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.