Abstract
The paper presents the study on the effect of inoculation of maize seed (NSSC-640) by asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum strain 84) and increasing rates of mineral nitrogen on quantitative composition of microorganisms (total number of bacteria, number of actionomycetes and azotobacter) in smonitza under maize and on the yield of the grown crop. The following fertilization treatments were studied: N1PK (90:75:60 kgha-1); N2PK (120:75:60 kgha-1); N3PK (150:75:60 kgha-1), as well as the treatment with presowing inoculation of maize seed. Microbiological analysis included the assessment of total number of microorganisms actinomycetes and azotobacters in the rhizosphere and edaphosphere during maize vegetation. Total numbers of microorganisms were determined by growth on the medium for the total number with an appropriate amount (0.5 ml) of 10-6 soil dilution, numbers of actinomycetes - by growing on synthetic agar according to Krasil'nikov with 10-4 of soil dilution and azotobacters - by growing on Fyodorov's agar with 10-2 of soil dilution. The study results showed that the numbers of microorganism groups were affected by the type and rate of fertilizers applied, as well as by the time and sampling zone. The application of Azotobacter chroococcum, strain 84, resulted in an increase of the total numbers of microorganisms, actinomycetes and azotobacters especially in the rhizosphere soil at the onset, and even in the middle of maize vegetation. Lower rates of nitrogen fertilizers (90 and 120 kgha-1) led to a significant increase of total bacteria numbers, as well as an insignificant change in azotobacter numbers, whereas their high rate (150 kgha-1) had a depressive effect on the mentioned microorganisms, paricularly in the edaphosphere of maize. In contrast, actinomycete numbers were not reduced even with this nitrogen treatment. Under the studied agroecological conditions, the highest maize yield, but not economically justified one, was obtained with the highest nitrogen rate. Seed inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum, strain 84, caused an insignificant rise in maize yield, which can be associated with acid reaction of the soil studied and slower release of nitrogen accumulated in their cells.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Microorganism group counts varied with fertilizer type and rate, time, and sampling zone.
- Treatment
- type and rate of fertilizers appliede0
- Outcome
- numbers of microorganism groupse0
- Qualifier
- time and sampling zonee0
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“numbers of microorganism groups were affected by the type and rate of fertilizers applied, as well as by the time and sampling zone”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter chroococcum strain 84 increased total microorganisms, actinomycetes and azotobacters, especially in rhizosphere soil early and mid maize vegetation.
- Treatment
- application of Azotobacter chroococcum, strain 84e0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter chroococcum, strain 84Azotobacter chroococcume0symbiont
- Outcome
- total numbers of microorganisms, actinomycetes and azotobacterse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- rhizosphere soil at the onset, and even in the middle of maize vegetatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of Azotobacter chroococcum, strain 84, resulted in an increase of the total numbers of microorganisms, actinomycetes and azotobacters especially in the rhizosphere soil at the onset, and even in the middle of maize vegetation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rates of 90 and 120 kgha-1 significantly increased total bacteria numbers.
- Treatment
- Lower rates of nitrogen fertilizers (90 and 120 kgha-1)e0
- Outcome
- total bacteria numberse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower rates of nitrogen fertilizers (90 and 120 kgha-1) led to a significant increase of total bacteria numbers”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rates of 90 and 120 kgha-1 caused an insignificant change in azotobacter numbers.
- Treatment
- Lower rates of nitrogen fertilizers (90 and 120 kgha-1)e0
- Outcome
- azotobacter numberse0
- Direction
- changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower rates of nitrogen fertilizers (90 and 120 kgha-1) led to a significant increase of total bacteria numbers, as well as an insignificant change in azotobacter numbers”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The 150 kgha-1 nitrogen rate depressed the mentioned microorganisms, especially in maize edaphosphere.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their high rate (150 kgha-1) had a depressive effect on the mentioned microorganisms, paricularly in the edaphosphere of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinomycete numbers were not reduced at the high nitrogen rate.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“actinomycete numbers were not reduced even with this nitrogen treatment”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest nitrogen rate gave the highest maize yield, but was not economically justified.
- Treatment
- highest nitrogen ratee0
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- not economically justifiede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest maize yield, but not economically justified one, was obtained with the highest nitrogen rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum strain 84 insignificantly raised maize yield.
- Treatment
- Seed inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum, strain 84e0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter chroococcum, strain 84Azotobacter chroococcume0symbiont
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- risee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum, strain 84, caused an insignificant rise in maize yield”
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See all 2,185 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.