Abstract
Utilizing conservation tillage practices and increasing fertilizer N use efficiency for corn ( Zea mays L.) are necessary for optimizing growers' profits and for minimizing loss of sediment and nutrients to the environment. A 3‐yr study was conducted on a Nicollet clay loam (fine loamy, mixed, mesic, Aquic Hapludoll)–Webster clay loam (fine loamy, mixed, super active, Typic Endoquoll) soil complex in southern Minnesota to determine the effects of four tillage systems (no tillage, strip tillage, one‐pass field cultivate, and chisel plow) and two N application times on corn production following soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Anhydrous ammonia was applied at 123 kg N ha −1 either in late October when soil temperatures at 15 cm were generally below 10°C or in April before planting. Tillage system had a statistically significant effect on corn production but showed no interaction with the N timing treatments. Maximum differences among tillage systems were 4.3% for grain yield, 5.1% for silage yield, and 8.6% for total N uptake. In 1 yr, when April and May were wet and warm, grain yield and total N uptake were reduced 20 and 27%, respectively, with fall N. Apparent N recovery was reduced from 87% for spring N to 45% for fall N. Corn production was not affected by time of N application in the other 2 yr. Relative leaf chlorophyll, measured by a SPAD meter at the V10, R1, and R3 growth stages, was highly correlated to relative corn grain yield, and could be used as a diagnostic tool at the V10 stage to determine sidedress N needs under non‐irrigated conditions. Because the risk of N loss is greater with fall N application, N should be applied in the spring on these soils to minimize risk and optimize profitability regardless of tillage system.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage significantly affected corn production.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Tillage systeme0
- Outcome
- corn productione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage system had a statistically significant effect on corn production”
t0“Corn Production as Affected by Nitrogen Application Timing and Tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage and nitrogen timing showed no interaction for corn production.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- no interaction with the N timing treatmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“showed no interaction with the N timing treatments”
t0“Corn Production as Affected by Nitrogen Application Timing and Tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum difference in grain yield among tillage systems was 4.3%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- tillage systemse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 4.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum differences among tillage systems were 4.3% for grain yield”
t0“Corn Production as Affected by Nitrogen Application Timing and Tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum difference in silage yield among tillage systems was 5.1%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- tillage systemse0
- Outcome
- silage yielde0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 5.1%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum differences among tillage systems were 4.3% for grain yield, 5.1% for silage yield”
t0“Corn Production as Affected by Nitrogen Application Timing and Tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum difference in total nitrogen uptake among tillage systems was 8.6%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- tillage systemse0
- Outcome
- total N uptakee0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 8.6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum differences among tillage systems were 4.3% for grain yield, 5.1% for silage yield, and 8.6% for total N uptake”
t0“Corn Production as Affected by Nitrogen Application Timing and Tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall nitrogen reduced grain yield by 20% in one wet, warm spring.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fall Ne0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 20e0
- Qualifier
- when April and May were wet and warme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1 yr, when April and May were wet and warm, grain yield and total N uptake were reduced 20 and 27%, respectively, with fall N”
t0“Corn Production as Affected by Nitrogen Application Timing and Tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall nitrogen reduced total nitrogen uptake by 27% in one wet, warm spring.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fall Ne0
- Outcome
- total N uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Qualifier
- when April and May were wet and warme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1 yr, when April and May were wet and warm, grain yield and total N uptake were reduced 20 and 27%, respectively, with fall N”
t0“Corn Production as Affected by Nitrogen Application Timing and Tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Apparent nitrogen recovery was lower under fall than spring nitrogen, 45% versus 87%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fall Ne0
- Outcome
- Apparent N recoverye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 45%e0
- Qualifier
- 87%e0
- Comparator
- spring Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apparent N recovery was reduced from 87% for spring N to 45% for fall N”
t0“Corn Production as Affected by Nitrogen Application Timing and Tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen timing did not affect corn production in the other two years.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- time of N applicatione0
- Outcome
- Corn productione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Qualifier
- other 2 yre0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn production was not affected by time of N application in the other 2 yr”
t0“Corn Production as Affected by Nitrogen Application Timing and Tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative leaf chlorophyll was highly correlated with relative corn grain yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- relative corn grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- Relative leaf chlorophylle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative leaf chlorophyll, measured by a SPAD meter at the V10, R1, and R3 growth stages, was highly correlated to relative corn grain yield”
t0“Corn Production as Affected by Nitrogen Application Timing and Tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
SPAD leaf chlorophyll at V10 could diagnose sidedress nitrogen needs under non-irrigated conditions.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- V10 stagee0
- Outcome
- sidedress N needse0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“could be used as a diagnostic tool at the V10 stage to determine sidedress N needs under non‐irrigated conditions”
t0“Corn Production as Affected by Nitrogen Application Timing and Tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend spring nitrogen application on these soils to reduce loss risk and improve profitability.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- N should be applied in the springe0
- Qualifier
- regardless of tillage systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N should be applied in the spring on these soils to minimize risk and optimize profitability regardless of tillage system”
t0“Corn Production as Affected by Nitrogen Application Timing and Tillage”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
278 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1,906 in the opposite direction
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- positive
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