Abstract
Introduction of artichokes in the Wintergarden of Texas, an area with mild winters and hot summers, depends on the development of strategies that will overcome limiting climatic conditions for bolting, earliness, and length of harvest. Cultivars with different bolting requirements were evaluated at two planting times and irrigation rates. The cultivars Emerald, Experimental Red, Imperial Star, Green Globe, and Purple Romagnia were transplanted in the field on 27 Sept. and 3 Dec. 2004, and evaluated at 100% and 75% crop evapotranspiration rates (ETc) at Uvalde, Texas (29°1' N; 99°5' W). Harvests started on 24 Mar. and 21 Apr. 2005 for the first and second planting dates, respectively. Yield increased more than 3-fold for the first compared to the second planting date. Irrigation rates did not affect yield, water use efficiency, or head quality. The cultivars Emerald, Imperial Star, and Experimental Red were earlier than Green Globe and Purple Romagnia. The highest yield was measured for cv. Imperial Star, while the largest head weight was for cv. Green Globe. Total fibers, crude protein, and phenolic compounds concentration depended on cultivar, whereas the total sugar concentrations in the edible part of the head were similar among cultivars. Head weight, percentage of heart, and crude protein concentration decreased, whereas total fiber content increased as the harvesting season progressed. Integrating environmental and cultivar strategies aimed at earliness, large head size, and enhanced level of health-promoting compounds, will contribute to the potential production of globe artichokes in the region.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
First planting yield exceeded second planting yield by more than threefold.
- Taxon
- Artichoke
Cynara cardunculus var. scolymust0 - Treatment
- firste0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- more than 3-folde0
- Comparator
- second planting datee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield increased more than 3-fold for the first compared to the second planting date.”
t0“Globe Artichoke”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation rates did not affect yield, water use efficiency or head quality.
- Taxon
- ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- Irrigation ratese0
- Outcome
- yield, water use efficiency, or head qualitye0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation rates did not affect yield, water use efficiency, or head quality.”
t0“Globe Artichoke”
Claim · model-written summary
Emerald was earlier than Green Globe and Purple Romagnia.
- Taxon
- ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Material
- Emeralde0
- Outcome
- earliere0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Comparator
- Green Globe and Purple Romagniae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cultivars Emerald, Imperial Star, and Experimental Red were earlier than Green Globe and Purple Romagnia.”
t0“Globe Artichoke”
Claim · model-written summary
Imperial Star was earlier than Green Globe and Purple Romagnia.
- Taxon
- ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Material
- Imperial Stare0
- Outcome
- earliere0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Comparator
- Green Globe and Purple Romagniae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cultivars Emerald, Imperial Star, and Experimental Red were earlier than Green Globe and Purple Romagnia.”
t0“Globe Artichoke”
Claim · model-written summary
Experimental Red was earlier than Green Globe and Purple Romagnia.
- Taxon
- ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Material
- Experimental Rede0
- Outcome
- earliere0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Comparator
- Green Globe and Purple Romagniae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cultivars Emerald, Imperial Star, and Experimental Red were earlier than Green Globe and Purple Romagnia.”
t0“Globe Artichoke”
Claim · model-written summary
Imperial Star had the highest yield.
- Taxon
- ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Material
- Imperial Stare0
- Outcome
- highest yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield was measured for cv. Imperial Star”
t0“Globe Artichoke”
Claim · model-written summary
Green Globe had the largest head weight.
- Taxon
- ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Material
- Green Globee0
- Outcome
- largest head weighte0
- Direction
- largeste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the largest head weight was for cv. Green Globe.”
t0“Globe Artichoke”
Claim · model-written summary
Total fiber, crude protein and phenolic compound concentration depended on cultivar.
- Taxon
- ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Material
- cultivare0
- Outcome
- Total fibers, crude protein, and phenolic compounds concentratione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total fibers, crude protein, and phenolic compounds concentration depended on cultivar”
t0“Globe Artichoke”
Claim · model-written summary
Edible head total sugar concentration was similar among cultivars.
- Taxon
- ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Organ / stage
- edible part of the heade0
- Outcome
- total sugar concentrationse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- among cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total sugar concentrations in the edible part of the head were similar among cultivars.”
t0“Globe Artichoke”
Claim · model-written summary
Head weight decreased as harvest season progressed.
- Taxon
- ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Outcome
- Head weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- harvesting seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head weight, percentage of heart, and crude protein concentration decreased, whereas total fiber content increased as the harvesting season progressed.”
t0“Globe Artichoke”
Claim · model-written summary
Heart percentage decreased as harvest season progressed.
- Taxon
- ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Outcome
- percentage of hearte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- harvesting seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head weight, percentage of heart, and crude protein concentration decreased, whereas total fiber content increased as the harvesting season progressed.”
t0“Globe Artichoke”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein concentration decreased as harvest season progressed.
- Taxon
- ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Outcome
- crude protein concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- harvesting seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head weight, percentage of heart, and crude protein concentration decreased, whereas total fiber content increased as the harvesting season progressed.”
t0“Globe Artichoke”
Claim · model-written summary
Total fiber content increased as harvest season progressed.
- Taxon
- ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Outcome
- total fiber contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- harvesting seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head weight, percentage of heart, and crude protein concentration decreased, whereas total fiber content increased as the harvesting season progressed.”
t0“Globe Artichoke”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · physiology: water · Cynara cardunculus (cardoon)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.