Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the instructional farm of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, Rajasthan during kharifseason of 2013 to study the effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on yield and economics of blackgram. The result indicated that application of 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1) recorded significantly highest plant height (34.18 cm), dry matter (10.31 g plant−1), leaf area index (2.216), number of pods (32.38 plant-1), number of seeds (6.88 pod−1), seed yield (870 kg ha−1), straw yield (1843 kg ha−1), biological yield (2713 kg ha−1), harvest index (32.10%), gross return ( 50975), net return (34930 ha−1) and B-C ratio (3.18), respectively over rest of the treatments but it was at par with 100% RDF, 50% RDF+50% RDN through FYM and FYM 4t ha−1. The seed yield and net return of blackgram significantly increased by 8.75 and 11.22 per cent, respectively over 100% RDF. Split dose of vermicompost indicate that split application of vermicompost 1t ha−1 at 30 DAS along with FYM 2t ha−1 (Basal) recorded a significant increase yield and net returns of blackgram over vermicompost 1t ha−1 (Basal)+vermicompost 1t ha−1 at 30 DAS and control, respectively.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% RDF+Zn+Fe treatment gave the significantly highest plant height (34.18 cm) among treatments.
- Taxon
- blackgram
Vigna mungot0 - Treatment
- 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 34.18 cme0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The result indicated that application of 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1) recorded significantly highest plant height (34.18 cm), dry matter (10.31 g plant−1), leaf area index (2.216), number of pods (32.38 plant-1), number of seeds (6.88 pod−1), seed yield (870 kg ha−1), straw yield (1843 kg ha−1), biological yield (2713 kg ha−1), harvest index (32.10%), gross return ( 50975), net return (34930 ha−1) and B-C ratio (3.18), respectively over rest of the treatments but it was at par with 100% RDF, 50% RDF+50% RDN through FYM and FYM 4t ha−1.”
t0“blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% RDF+Zn+Fe treatment gave the significantly highest dry matter (10.31 g plant−1) among treatments.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 10.31 g plant−1e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The result indicated that application of 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1) recorded significantly highest plant height (34.18 cm), dry matter (10.31 g plant−1), leaf area index (2.216), number of pods (32.38 plant-1), number of seeds (6.88 pod−1), seed yield (870 kg ha−1), straw yield (1843 kg ha−1), biological yield (2713 kg ha−1), harvest index (32.10%), gross return ( 50975), net return (34930 ha−1) and B-C ratio (3.18), respectively over rest of the treatments but it was at par with 100% RDF, 50% RDF+50% RDN through FYM and FYM 4t ha−1.”
t0“blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% RDF+Zn+Fe treatment gave the significantly highest leaf area index (2.216) among treatments.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.216e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The result indicated that application of 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1) recorded significantly highest plant height (34.18 cm), dry matter (10.31 g plant−1), leaf area index (2.216), number of pods (32.38 plant-1), number of seeds (6.88 pod−1), seed yield (870 kg ha−1), straw yield (1843 kg ha−1), biological yield (2713 kg ha−1), harvest index (32.10%), gross return ( 50975), net return (34930 ha−1) and B-C ratio (3.18), respectively over rest of the treatments but it was at par with 100% RDF, 50% RDF+50% RDN through FYM and FYM 4t ha−1.”
t0“blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% RDF+Zn+Fe treatment gave the significantly highest number of pods (32.38 plant-1) among treatments.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- number of podse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 32.38 plant-1e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The result indicated that application of 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1) recorded significantly highest plant height (34.18 cm), dry matter (10.31 g plant−1), leaf area index (2.216), number of pods (32.38 plant-1), number of seeds (6.88 pod−1), seed yield (870 kg ha−1), straw yield (1843 kg ha−1), biological yield (2713 kg ha−1), harvest index (32.10%), gross return ( 50975), net return (34930 ha−1) and B-C ratio (3.18), respectively over rest of the treatments but it was at par with 100% RDF, 50% RDF+50% RDN through FYM and FYM 4t ha−1.”
t0“blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% RDF+Zn+Fe treatment gave the significantly highest number of seeds (6.88 pod−1) among treatments.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- number of seedse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6.88 pod−1e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The result indicated that application of 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1) recorded significantly highest plant height (34.18 cm), dry matter (10.31 g plant−1), leaf area index (2.216), number of pods (32.38 plant-1), number of seeds (6.88 pod−1), seed yield (870 kg ha−1), straw yield (1843 kg ha−1), biological yield (2713 kg ha−1), harvest index (32.10%), gross return ( 50975), net return (34930 ha−1) and B-C ratio (3.18), respectively over rest of the treatments but it was at par with 100% RDF, 50% RDF+50% RDN through FYM and FYM 4t ha−1.”
t0“blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% RDF+Zn+Fe treatment gave the significantly highest seed yield (870 kg ha−1) among treatments.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 870 kg ha−1e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The result indicated that application of 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1) recorded significantly highest plant height (34.18 cm), dry matter (10.31 g plant−1), leaf area index (2.216), number of pods (32.38 plant-1), number of seeds (6.88 pod−1), seed yield (870 kg ha−1), straw yield (1843 kg ha−1), biological yield (2713 kg ha−1), harvest index (32.10%), gross return ( 50975), net return (34930 ha−1) and B-C ratio (3.18), respectively over rest of the treatments but it was at par with 100% RDF, 50% RDF+50% RDN through FYM and FYM 4t ha−1.”
t0“blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% RDF+Zn+Fe treatment gave the significantly highest straw yield (1843 kg ha−1) among treatments.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1843 kg ha−1e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The result indicated that application of 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1) recorded significantly highest plant height (34.18 cm), dry matter (10.31 g plant−1), leaf area index (2.216), number of pods (32.38 plant-1), number of seeds (6.88 pod−1), seed yield (870 kg ha−1), straw yield (1843 kg ha−1), biological yield (2713 kg ha−1), harvest index (32.10%), gross return ( 50975), net return (34930 ha−1) and B-C ratio (3.18), respectively over rest of the treatments but it was at par with 100% RDF, 50% RDF+50% RDN through FYM and FYM 4t ha−1.”
t0“blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% RDF+Zn+Fe treatment gave the significantly highest biological yield (2713 kg ha−1) among treatments.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2713 kg ha−1e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The result indicated that application of 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1) recorded significantly highest plant height (34.18 cm), dry matter (10.31 g plant−1), leaf area index (2.216), number of pods (32.38 plant-1), number of seeds (6.88 pod−1), seed yield (870 kg ha−1), straw yield (1843 kg ha−1), biological yield (2713 kg ha−1), harvest index (32.10%), gross return ( 50975), net return (34930 ha−1) and B-C ratio (3.18), respectively over rest of the treatments but it was at par with 100% RDF, 50% RDF+50% RDN through FYM and FYM 4t ha−1.”
t0“blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% RDF+Zn+Fe treatment gave the significantly highest harvest index (32.10%) among treatments.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 32.10%e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The result indicated that application of 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1) recorded significantly highest plant height (34.18 cm), dry matter (10.31 g plant−1), leaf area index (2.216), number of pods (32.38 plant-1), number of seeds (6.88 pod−1), seed yield (870 kg ha−1), straw yield (1843 kg ha−1), biological yield (2713 kg ha−1), harvest index (32.10%), gross return ( 50975), net return (34930 ha−1) and B-C ratio (3.18), respectively over rest of the treatments but it was at par with 100% RDF, 50% RDF+50% RDN through FYM and FYM 4t ha−1.”
t0“blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% RDF+Zn+Fe treatment gave the significantly highest gross return (50975) among treatments.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- gross returne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 50975e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The result indicated that application of 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1) recorded significantly highest plant height (34.18 cm), dry matter (10.31 g plant−1), leaf area index (2.216), number of pods (32.38 plant-1), number of seeds (6.88 pod−1), seed yield (870 kg ha−1), straw yield (1843 kg ha−1), biological yield (2713 kg ha−1), harvest index (32.10%), gross return ( 50975), net return (34930 ha−1) and B-C ratio (3.18), respectively over rest of the treatments but it was at par with 100% RDF, 50% RDF+50% RDN through FYM and FYM 4t ha−1.”
t0“blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% RDF+Zn+Fe treatment gave the significantly highest net return (34930 ha−1) among treatments.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 34930 ha−1e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The result indicated that application of 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1) recorded significantly highest plant height (34.18 cm), dry matter (10.31 g plant−1), leaf area index (2.216), number of pods (32.38 plant-1), number of seeds (6.88 pod−1), seed yield (870 kg ha−1), straw yield (1843 kg ha−1), biological yield (2713 kg ha−1), harvest index (32.10%), gross return ( 50975), net return (34930 ha−1) and B-C ratio (3.18), respectively over rest of the treatments but it was at par with 100% RDF, 50% RDF+50% RDN through FYM and FYM 4t ha−1.”
t0“blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% RDF+Zn+Fe treatment gave the significantly highest B-C ratio (3.18) among treatments.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- B-C ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.18e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The result indicated that application of 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1) recorded significantly highest plant height (34.18 cm), dry matter (10.31 g plant−1), leaf area index (2.216), number of pods (32.38 plant-1), number of seeds (6.88 pod−1), seed yield (870 kg ha−1), straw yield (1843 kg ha−1), biological yield (2713 kg ha−1), harvest index (32.10%), gross return ( 50975), net return (34930 ha−1) and B-C ratio (3.18), respectively over rest of the treatments but it was at par with 100% RDF, 50% RDF+50% RDN through FYM and FYM 4t ha−1.”
t0“blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield increased by 8.75 per cent over 100% RDF.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1)e1
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.75e0
- Comparator
- 100% RDFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed yield and net return of blackgram significantly increased by 8.75 and 11.22 per cent, respectively over 100% RDF.”
e1“The result indicated that application of 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1) recorded significantly highest plant height (34.18 cm), dry matter (10.31 g plant−1), leaf area index (2.216), number of pods (32.38 plant-1), number of seeds (6.88 pod−1), seed yield (870 kg ha−1), straw yield (1843 kg ha−1), biological yield (2713 kg ha−1), harvest index (32.10%), gross return ( 50975), net return (34930 ha−1) and B-C ratio (3.18), respectively over rest of the treatments but it was at par with 100% RDF, 50% RDF+50% RDN through FYM and FYM 4t ha−1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Net return increased by 11.22 per cent over 100% RDF.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1)e1
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.22 per cente0
- Comparator
- 100% RDFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed yield and net return of blackgram significantly increased by 8.75 and 11.22 per cent, respectively over 100% RDF.”
e1“The result indicated that application of 100% RDF+Zn+Fe (N: P: K-20: 30: 15 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 5 kg ha−1 + FeSO4 5 kg ha−1) recorded significantly highest plant height (34.18 cm), dry matter (10.31 g plant−1), leaf area index (2.216), number of pods (32.38 plant-1), number of seeds (6.88 pod−1), seed yield (870 kg ha−1), straw yield (1843 kg ha−1), biological yield (2713 kg ha−1), harvest index (32.10%), gross return ( 50975), net return (34930 ha−1) and B-C ratio (3.18), respectively over rest of the treatments but it was at par with 100% RDF, 50% RDF+50% RDN through FYM and FYM 4t ha−1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Split vermicompost application with basal FYM significantly increased blackgram yield.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe0
- Treatment
- vermicompost 1t ha−1 at 30 DAS along with FYM 2t ha−1 (Basal)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- vermicompost 1t ha−1 (Basal)+vermicompost 1t ha−1 at 30 DAS and controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Split dose of vermicompost indicate that split application of vermicompost 1t ha−1 at 30 DAS along with FYM 2t ha−1 (Basal) recorded a significant increase yield and net returns of blackgram over vermicompost 1t ha−1 (Basal)+vermicompost 1t ha−1 at 30 DAS and control, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Split vermicompost application with basal FYM significantly increased blackgram net returns.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe0
- Treatment
- vermicompost 1t ha−1 at 30 DAS along with FYM 2t ha−1 (Basal)e0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- vermicompost 1t ha−1 (Basal)+vermicompost 1t ha−1 at 30 DAS and controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Split dose of vermicompost indicate that split application of vermicompost 1t ha−1 at 30 DAS along with FYM 2t ha−1 (Basal) recorded a significant increase yield and net returns of blackgram over vermicompost 1t ha−1 (Basal)+vermicompost 1t ha−1 at 30 DAS and control, respectively.”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · yield · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results differ
32 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
31 papers more in this group
See all 35 papers →iron atom · growth · Vigna mungo (black gram)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →zinc atom · growth · Vigna mungo (black gram)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →iron atom · yield · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) · growth · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) · yield · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →zinc sulfate · growth · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
13 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →zinc sulfate · yield · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
17 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.