Abstract
Reduced tillage and green manures may be capable to further improve organic crop production systems, if they are adapted to the specific needs of organic farming. One goal of the European research project TILMAN ORG (www.tilman-org.net) is to develop a more efficient weed management with at the same time increased biodiversity through improved use of green manures in different systems of reduced tillage. The results of a repeated one year trial on “Domaene Frankenhausen”, the research farm of University of Kassel, regarding the effect of both leguminous and non-leguminous green manures on weeds in four different tillage systems is the main topic of this paper. After the green manure species Sinapis alba, Trifolium resupinatum and Vicia sativa and a bare fallow as a control the main crop oat was sown in four different tillage systems: plough, chisel (2012) respectively disc harrow (2013), mulching + drilling and direct drilling. 2012 weed cover was generally low in the plough system compared to the other tillage systems. In the mulching + drillingand direct drillingsystems the plots after the green manure species S. alba and T. resupinatum and the bare fallow had to be given up because weed pressure was too high. Compared to that V. sativa was able to suppress weeds considerably better and resulted in similar yields to the plough and chisel treatments 2012 on a level from 55.3 dt ha to 59.1 dt ha. 2013 all mulching + drillingand direct drillingplots had to be given up because of too high weed pressure. The weed pressure in the disc harrow – system differed not significantly from the plough system, but only green manure species Vicia sativa resulted in similar 26 German Conference on weed Biology an Weed Control, March 11-13, 2014, Braunschweig, Germany Julius-Kuhn-Archiv, 443, 2014 503 oat yields compared to the plough treatments (V. sativa x disc harrow 56.2 dt ha, V. sativa x plough 53.9 dt ha ). In the plough – treatments there was an overall low weed pressure. Concerning yield there were no significant differences regarding green manure treatment.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Ploughing had lower weed cover than other tillage systems in 2012.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae1 - Treatment
- plough systeme0
- Outcome
- weed covere0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Comparator
- other tillage systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2012 weed cover was generally low in the plough system compared to the other tillage systems”
e1“main crop oat”
Claim · model-written summary
High weed pressure forced abandonment of S. alba and T. resupinatum plots under mulching or direct drilling in 2012.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- S. alba and T. resupinatume0
- Outcome
- weed pressure was too highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plots after the green manure species S. alba and T. resupinatum and the bare fallow had to be given up because weed pressure was too high”
e1“main crop oat”
Claim · model-written summary
V. sativa suppressed weeds better and gave yields similar to plough and chisel treatments in 2012.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- V. sativae0
- Outcome
- suppress weedse0
- Direction
- considerably bettere0
- Value
- 55.3 dt ha to 59.1 dt hae0
- Comparator
- plough and chisel treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“V. sativa was able to suppress weeds considerably better and resulted in similar yields to the plough and chisel treatments 2012 on a level from 55.3 dt ha to 59.1 dt ha”
e1“main crop oat”
Claim · model-written summary
All mulching and direct drilling plots were abandoned in 2013 because of excessive weeds.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Outcome
- too high weed pressuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2013 all mulching + drillingand direct drillingplots had to be given up because of too high weed pressure”
e1“main crop oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Disc harrow and plough systems had no significant difference in weed pressure in 2013.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- disc harrow – systeme0
- Outcome
- weed pressuree0
- Direction
- differed not significantlye0
- Comparator
- plough systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed pressure in the disc harrow – system differed not significantly from the plough system”
e1“main crop oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Only Vicia sativa gave oat yields similar under disc harrow and plough in 2013.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- Vicia sativae0
- Outcome
- oat yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 56.2 dt hae0
- Qualifier
- 53.9 dt hae0
- Comparator
- plough treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only green manure species Vicia sativa resulted in similar 26 German Conference on weed Biology an Weed Control, March 11-13, 2014, Braunschweig, Germany Julius-Kuhn-Archiv, 443, 2014 503 oat yields compared to the plough treatments (V. sativa x disc harrow 56.2 dt ha, V. sativa x plough 53.9 dt ha )”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure treatments did not differ significantly in yield under ploughing.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- green manure treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the plough – treatments there was an overall low weed pressure. Concerning yield there were no significant differences regarding green manure treatment.”
e1“main crop oat”
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