Paper · 1979 · Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science

Tomato Yields from CO2-enrichment in Unventilated and Conventionally Ventilated Greenhouses1

B. A. Kimball; S. T. Mitchell

12
claims
26
verbatim quotes
45
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc-nd

Abstract

Abstract The yield of 2 crops of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Tropic) was determined in CO 2 enriched, unventilated and conventionally ventilated greenhouses. The “ventilated” control house was cooled at 26.5°C with conventional ventilation fans and wetted pads. The “unventilated” houses were cooled at 26.5° by recirculating the greenhouse air through direct-contact heat exchanger pads sprayed with water from evaporative cooling towers and also under severely humid conditions by ventilating at 29.5°. For the first spring crop, the ventilated control house at ambient CO 2 yielded 8.58 kg/plant (0.35 m 2 /plant). Unventilated houses enriched with 650 and 1000 μl CO 2 /liter air had 17 and 48% greater yields than the control. An unventilated, unenriched house suffered a 13% yield decrease. For the second winter crop, the control house yielded 8.48 and 9.70 kg/plant at standard and high nutrient levels, respectively. At the standard nutrient level, unventilated houses yielded 64 and 63% greater than the control at 1000 and 1350 μl CO 2 /liter, respectively. At the high nutrient level, they yielded 35 and 37% greater. A ventilated house enriched to 1000 μl/liter whenever cooling was not required yielded 8 and 10% greater than the control at the standard and high nutrient levels, respectively.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 12

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Unventilated houses enriched with 650 μl CO2/liter had 17% greater tomato yield than the control

Material
Tropice1
Treatment
enriched with 650 and 1000 μl CO 2 /liter aire2
Outcome
yieldse2
Direction
greatere2
Value
17e2
Qualifier
650e2
Comparator
the controle2
Setting
greenhousese1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The yield of 2 crops of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Tropic) was determined in CO 2 enriched, unventilated and conventionally ventilated greenhouses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–173 · show in text ↑
e2

“Unventilated houses enriched with 650 and 1000 μl CO 2 /liter air had 17 and 48% greater yields than the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 635–747 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Unventilated houses enriched with 1000 μl CO2/liter had 48% greater tomato yield than the control

Material
Tropice1
Treatment
enriched with 650 and 1000 μl CO 2 /liter aire2
Outcome
yieldse2
Direction
greatere2
Value
48e2
Qualifier
1000e2
Comparator
the controle2
Setting
greenhousese1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The yield of 2 crops of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Tropic) was determined in CO 2 enriched, unventilated and conventionally ventilated greenhouses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–173 · show in text ↑
e2

“Unventilated houses enriched with 650 and 1000 μl CO 2 /liter air had 17 and 48% greater yields than the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 635–747 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

An unventilated, unenriched tomato house suffered a 13% yield decrease

Treatment
unenrichede3
Outcome
yielde3
Direction
decreasee3
Value
13e3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The yield of 2 crops of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Tropic) was determined in CO 2 enriched, unventilated and conventionally ventilated greenhouses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–173 · show in text ↑
e3

“An unventilated, unenriched house suffered a 13% yield decrease”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 749–812 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The ventilated control house yielded 8.58 kg/plant in the first spring crop

Material
Tropice1
Outcome
yieldede4
Value
8.58 kg/plante4

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The yield of 2 crops of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Tropic) was determined in CO 2 enriched, unventilated and conventionally ventilated greenhouses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–173 · show in text ↑
e4

“For the first spring crop, the ventilated control house at ambient CO 2 yielded 8.58 kg/plant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 522–615 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The control house yielded 8.48 kg/plant in the second winter crop at standard nutrient level

Outcome
yieldede5
Value
8.48e5
Qualifier
standarde5

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The yield of 2 crops of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Tropic) was determined in CO 2 enriched, unventilated and conventionally ventilated greenhouses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–173 · show in text ↑
e5

“For the second winter crop, the control house yielded 8.48 and 9.70 kg/plant at standard and high nutrient levels, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 814–941 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The control house yielded 9.70 kg/plant in the second winter crop at high nutrient level

Outcome
yieldede5
Value
9.70e5
Qualifier
highe5

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The yield of 2 crops of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Tropic) was determined in CO 2 enriched, unventilated and conventionally ventilated greenhouses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–173 · show in text ↑
e5

“For the second winter crop, the control house yielded 8.48 and 9.70 kg/plant at standard and high nutrient levels, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 814–941 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Unventilated houses at standard nutrient level yielded 64% more than the control at 1000 μl CO2/liter

Treatment
unventilated housese6
Outcome
yieldede6
Direction
greatere6
Value
64e6
Qualifier
1000e6
Comparator
the controle6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The yield of 2 crops of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Tropic) was determined in CO 2 enriched, unventilated and conventionally ventilated greenhouses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–173 · show in text ↑
e6

“At the standard nutrient level, unventilated houses yielded 64 and 63% greater than the control at 1000 and 1350 μl CO 2 /liter, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 943–1084 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Unventilated houses at standard nutrient level yielded 63% more than the control at 1350 μl CO2/liter

Treatment
unventilated housese6
Outcome
yieldede6
Direction
greatere6
Value
63e6
Qualifier
1350e6
Comparator
the controle6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The yield of 2 crops of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Tropic) was determined in CO 2 enriched, unventilated and conventionally ventilated greenhouses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–173 · show in text ↑
e6

“At the standard nutrient level, unventilated houses yielded 64 and 63% greater than the control at 1000 and 1350 μl CO 2 /liter, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 943–1084 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Unventilated houses at high nutrient level yielded 35% more than the control at 1000 μl CO2/liter

Treatment
unventilated housese6
Outcome
yieldede7
Direction
greatere7
Value
35e7
Qualifier
high nutrient levele7
Comparator
the controle6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The yield of 2 crops of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Tropic) was determined in CO 2 enriched, unventilated and conventionally ventilated greenhouses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–173 · show in text ↑
e6

“At the standard nutrient level, unventilated houses yielded 64 and 63% greater than the control at 1000 and 1350 μl CO 2 /liter, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 943–1084 · show in text ↑
e7

“At the high nutrient level, they yielded 35 and 37% greater”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1086–1145 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Unventilated houses at high nutrient level yielded 37% more than the control at 1350 μl CO2/liter

Treatment
unventilated housese6
Outcome
yieldede7
Direction
greatere7
Value
37e7
Qualifier
high nutrient levele7
Comparator
the controle6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The yield of 2 crops of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Tropic) was determined in CO 2 enriched, unventilated and conventionally ventilated greenhouses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–173 · show in text ↑
e6

“At the standard nutrient level, unventilated houses yielded 64 and 63% greater than the control at 1000 and 1350 μl CO 2 /liter, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 943–1084 · show in text ↑
e7

“At the high nutrient level, they yielded 35 and 37% greater”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1086–1145 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A ventilated house enriched to 1000 μl/liter when cooling was not required yielded 8% more than the control at standard nutrient level

Treatment
enriched to 1000 μl/liter whenever cooling was not requirede2
Outcome
yieldede2
Direction
greatere2
Value
8e2
Qualifier
standarde2
Comparator
the controle2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The yield of 2 crops of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Tropic) was determined in CO 2 enriched, unventilated and conventionally ventilated greenhouses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–173 · show in text ↑
e2

“A ventilated house enriched to 1000 μl/liter whenever cooling was not required yielded 8 and 10% greater than the control at the standard and high nutrient levels, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1147–1323 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A ventilated house enriched to 1000 μl/liter when cooling was not required yielded 10% more than the control at high nutrient level

Treatment
enriched to 1000 μl/liter whenever cooling was not requirede2
Outcome
yieldede2
Direction
greatere2
Value
10e2
Qualifier
highe2
Comparator
the controle2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The yield of 2 crops of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Tropic) was determined in CO 2 enriched, unventilated and conventionally ventilated greenhouses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–173 · show in text ↑
e2

“A ventilated house enriched to 1000 μl/liter whenever cooling was not required yielded 8 and 10% greater than the control at the standard and high nutrient levels, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1147–1323 · show in text ↑

co2 · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ

39 papers: 32 positive, 7 negative or no effect

31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

35 papers more in this group

See all 39 papers →

processing · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results

44 papers: 36 positive, 8 negative or no effect

35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

40 papers more in this group

See all 44 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.