Abstract
Previous studies have shown that human pathogens are able to colonize plants epiphytically and endophytically by utilizing similar mechanisms as phytopathogens. In addition, it has been suggested that colonization of plants by human pathogens induces plant defense responses, although some of their pathogenic mechanisms differ from those of phytopathogens. However, knowledge about the mechanism by which human pathogens colonize and persist on or in fruits and vegetables is limited compared to the research in plant pathogens. Also it is not well understood what factors are involved in intimate association of foodborne pathogens with plants and the plant response to enteric bacteria. To address these questions, we investigated whether Escherichia coli O157:H7 cell surface structures induce plant host defense responses and subsequently affect colonization or survival of the pathogen on plants. Also, the influence of growth medium or exposure conditions on bacterial cell surface structures, particularly in exopolysaccharides, was investigated, and subsequent impacts on plant defense responses and bacterial survival on plants were also examined. Among the pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), flagella made a substantial impact on survival of E. coli O157:H7 on the Arabidopsis plant. Curli were recognized by the Arabidopsis plant and induced plant defense responses. E. coli O157:H7 mutants lacking flagella or curli induced lower PR (pathogenesis-related) genes based on the weak β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity compared to flagella or curli positive E. coli O157:H7, resulting in increased survivals of those mutants on the plant. E. coli O157:H7 grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts showed a significant 58% increase in capsular polysaccharides (CPS) production as compared to cells grown in LB medium alone. Exposure of E. coli cells to soil and manure extracts also stimulated the CPS compared to the non-exposed control. Plants inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 with a greater amounts of CPS resulted in less inductions of PR genes compared to those with less CPS, contributed to the enhanced survivals on the Arabidopsis plant. Cell surface structures of E. coli O157:H7 have a significant impact on the induction of differential plant defense responses, thereby impacting survival of the pathogen on plants. Growth medium or exposure environment conditions showed a great impact on bacterial CPS, which enabled the human pathogen to persist longer on the plant by possibly evading plant defense responses.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Flagella substantially affected E. coli survival on Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Interactor
- E. coli O157:H7
.jpg?width=60)
Escherichia colie0other - Outcome
- survival of E. coli O157:H7e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“flagella made a substantial impact on survival of E. coli O157:H7 on the Arabidopsis plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis recognized curli and induced defense responses.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Interactor
- E. coli O157:H7Escherichia colie1other
- Outcome
- plant defense responsese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Curli were recognized by the Arabidopsis plant and induced plant defense responses”
e1“E. coli O157:H7 mutants lacking flagella or curli induced lower PR (pathogenesis-related) genes based on the weak β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity compared to flagella or curli positive E. coli O157:H7, resulting in increased survivals of those mutants on the plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flagella deficient E. coli induced lower PR gene activity than flagella positive bacteria.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- mutants lacking flagellae0
- Interactor
- E. coli O157:H7Escherichia colie0other
- Outcome
- PR (pathogenesis-related) genese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- flagella or curli positive E. coli O157:H7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. coli O157:H7 mutants lacking flagella or curli induced lower PR (pathogenesis-related) genes based on the weak β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity compared to flagella or curli positive E. coli O157:H7, resulting in increased survivals of those mutants on the plant.”
e1“Among the pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), flagella made a substantial impact on survival of E. coli O157:H7 on the Arabidopsis plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Curli deficient E. coli induced lower PR gene activity than curli positive bacteria.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- mutants lacking flagella or curlie0
- Interactor
- E. coli O157:H7Escherichia colie0other
- Outcome
- PR (pathogenesis-related) genese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- flagella or curli positive E. coli O157:H7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. coli O157:H7 mutants lacking flagella or curli induced lower PR (pathogenesis-related) genes based on the weak β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity compared to flagella or curli positive E. coli O157:H7, resulting in increased survivals of those mutants on the plant.”
e1“Among the pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), flagella made a substantial impact on survival of E. coli O157:H7 on the Arabidopsis plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flagella or curli deficient E. coli survived more on the plant.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- mutants lacking flagella or curlie0
- Interactor
- E. coli O157:H7Escherichia colie0other
- Outcome
- survivals of those mutantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- flagella or curli positive E. coli O157:H7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. coli O157:H7 mutants lacking flagella or curli induced lower PR (pathogenesis-related) genes based on the weak β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity compared to flagella or curli positive E. coli O157:H7, resulting in increased survivals of those mutants on the plant.”
e1“Among the pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), flagella made a substantial impact on survival of E. coli O157:H7 on the Arabidopsis plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure supplemented broth increased E. coli CPS production by 58% relative to LB alone.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extractse0
- Interactor
- E. coli O157:H7Escherichia colie0other
- Outcome
- capsular polysaccharides (CPS) productione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 58%e0
- Comparator
- LB medium alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. coli O157:H7 grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with manure extracts showed a significant 58% increase in capsular polysaccharides (CPS) production as compared to cells grown in LB medium alone”
e1“Among the pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), flagella made a substantial impact on survival of E. coli O157:H7 on the Arabidopsis plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil extract exposure stimulated E. coli CPS compared with unexposed controls.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- soile0
- Interactor
- E. coli cellsEscherichia colie0other
- Outcome
- CPSe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Comparator
- non-exposed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of E. coli cells to soil and manure extracts also stimulated the CPS compared to the non-exposed control”
e1“Among the pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), flagella made a substantial impact on survival of E. coli O157:H7 on the Arabidopsis plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure extract exposure stimulated E. coli CPS compared with unexposed controls.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- manure extractse0
- Interactor
- E. coli cellsEscherichia colie0other
- Outcome
- CPSe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Comparator
- non-exposed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of E. coli cells to soil and manure extracts also stimulated the CPS compared to the non-exposed control”
e1“Among the pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), flagella made a substantial impact on survival of E. coli O157:H7 on the Arabidopsis plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants given E. coli with more CPS induced fewer PR genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 with a greater amounts of CPSe0
- Interactor
- E. coli O157:H7Escherichia colie0other
- Outcome
- inductions of PR genese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- those with less CPSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 with a greater amounts of CPS resulted in less inductions of PR genes compared to those with less CPS”
e1“Among the pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), flagella made a substantial impact on survival of E. coli O157:H7 on the Arabidopsis plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater CPS was associated with enhanced E. coli survival on Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Interactor
- E. coli O157:H7Escherichia colie2other
- Compound
- CPSe1
- Outcome
- survivalse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contributed to the enhanced survivals on the Arabidopsis plant”
e1“greater amounts of CPS”
e2“Plants inoculated with E. coli O157:H7”
The same questions in other papers
Escherichia coli · molecular: expression · ArabidopsisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
inoculation · molecular: expression · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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