Abstract
The maize stalk borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) was reared on natural hosts, viz., maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) plants, and artificial diets compounded with green gram, Vigna rodiata (L.) Wilczek + dew gram, Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marichat + sorghum leaf powder, and green gram + dew gram as principal base-ingredients. The freshly hatched larvae obtained from the insects reared on these natural and artificial diets were exposed to 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144-hr old insecticidal films formed on 11 ± 1-day old potted maize plants. Two concentrations (0.05, 0.1 per cent) of each of the six insecticides, viz., carbaryl, endosulfan, quinalphos, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate and flucythrinate were evaluated against freshly hatched larvae of C. partellus. There was 100% mortality on 24-hr-old films of each of the two concentrations of different insecticides regardless of the rearing medium. The effect of food,was clearly pronounced when the larvae were reared on two artificial diets, the per cent mortality being significantly high as compared to those reared either on maize or sorhgum. Larvae reared on maize were more tolerant to insecticides than those maintained on sorghum plants. Endosulfan 0.1 per cent was the most toxic to larvae reared either on artificial diets or natural host plants. The least effective insecticides were carbaryl and quinalphos (0.05%) regardless ofthe source of food on which larvae were reared. The duration of ellectiveness of different insecticidal concentrations against larvae reared on different food media was almost the same, when the data were subjected to three types of analyses, viz., (i)analysis of variance, (ii) probit analysis, and (iii) PT-calculations. Of course, the analysis of variance does not involve any assumptions and provides detailed comprehensive information on every aspest of the problem.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
All tested insecticides at both concentrations caused 100% larval mortality on 24-hour-old films regardless of rearing medium.
- Treatment
- different insecticidese0
- Interactor
- Chilo partellus
_Figure_27c.jpg?width=60)
Chilo partelluse2pest - Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 100%e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_27c.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“There was 100% mortality on 24-hr-old films of each of the two concentrations of different insecticides regardless of the rearing medium”
e1“maize plants”
e2“Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Larvae reared on artificial diets had significantly higher mortality than larvae reared on maize or sorghum.
- Interactor
- Chilo partellusChilo partelluse2pest
- Outcome
- per cent mortalitye0
- Direction
- significantly highe0
- Comparator
- those reared either on maize or sorhgume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the per cent mortality being significantly high as compared to those reared either on maize or sorhgum”
e1“larvae were reared on two artificial diets”
e2“Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Larvae reared on maize were more insecticide tolerant than those reared on sorghum.
- Interactor
- Chilo partellusChilo partelluse1pest
- Outcome
- tolerant to insecticidese0
- Direction
- more tolerante0
- Comparator
- sorghum plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Larvae reared on maize were more tolerant to insecticides than those maintained on sorghum plants”
e1“Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan 0.1 per cent was most toxic to larvae across artificial and natural host diets.
- Treatment
- Endosulfan 0.1 per cente0
- Interactor
- Chilo partellusChilo partelluse2pest
- Outcome
- toxic to larvaee0
- Direction
- most toxice0
- Comparator
- artificial diets or natural host plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endosulfan 0.1 per cent was the most toxic to larvae reared either on artificial diets or natural host plants”
e1“maize plants”
e2“Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbaryl 0.05% was among the least effective insecticides regardless of larval diet.
- Treatment
- carbaryle0
- Interactor
- Chilo partellusChilo partelluse2pest
- Outcome
- least effective insecticidese0
- Direction
- least effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The least effective insecticides were carbaryl and quinalphos (0.05%) regardless ofthe source of food”
e1“maize plants”
e2“Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Quinalphos 0.05% was among the least effective insecticides regardless of larval diet.
- Treatment
- quinalphos (0.05%)e0
- Interactor
- Chilo partellusChilo partelluse2pest
- Outcome
- least effective insecticidese0
- Direction
- least effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The least effective insecticides were carbaryl and quinalphos (0.05%) regardless ofthe source of food”
e1“maize plants”
e2“Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticidal effectiveness duration was almost the same across concentrations and rearing media.
- Interactor
- Chilo partellusChilo partelluse2pest
- Outcome
- duration of ellectivenesse0
- Direction
- almost the samee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration of ellectiveness of different insecticidal concentrations against larvae reared on different food media was almost the same”
e1“maize plants”
e2“Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)”
The same questions in other papers
endosulfan · Chilo partellus · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
insecticide · Chilo partellus · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.