Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of irrigation schedules of domestic wastewater on growth and yield of fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) during kharif season (May to September, 2013) in micro-plots at ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana). The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design consisting of nine treatment combinations of three irrigation water quality levels (tube well water, cyclic use of tube well water: sewage water, sewage water) and three irrigation schedules based on ID (irrigation depth)/CPE (cumulative pan evaporation) ratio levels (0.8, 1.0, 1.2) with four replications. Irrigation with sewage water and scheduling at 1.2 ID/CPE ratio resulted significant (P<0.05) increase in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, leaf to stem (green and dry) biomass and green fodder yield. A significant (P<0.05) decrease was observed in dry matter content in sewage water as compared to tube well water and 0.8 ID/CPE ratio, respectively. The green fodder yield in sewage water was 14.4% and 25.0% higher as compared to tube well water at 1st and 2nd cut, respectively. The increment in green fodder yield observed at 1.2 ID/CPE ratio as compared to 0.8 was 15.3% at 1st cut (P<0.001) and 20.7% at 2nd cut (P<0.001). Continuous use of sewage water for irrigation tended to increase soil electrical conductivity (EC) and decreased soil pH. The findings indicated that sorghum can be profitably grown for quality fodder with use of sewage for irrigation scheduled at ID/CPE ratio up to 1.2.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
sewage water significantly increased plant height in fodder sorghum.
SorghumNot reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation with sewage water and scheduling at 1.2 ID/CPE ratio resulted significant (P<0.05) increase in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, leaf to stem (green and dry) biomass and green fodder yield.”
t0“fodder sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
sewage water significantly increased number of leaves per plant in fodder sorghum.
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation with sewage water and scheduling at 1.2 ID/CPE ratio resulted significant (P<0.05) increase in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, leaf to stem (green and dry) biomass and green fodder yield.”
t0“fodder sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
sewage water significantly increased leaf area index in fodder sorghum.
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation with sewage water and scheduling at 1.2 ID/CPE ratio resulted significant (P<0.05) increase in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, leaf to stem (green and dry) biomass and green fodder yield.”
t0“fodder sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
sewage water significantly increased leaf to stem (green and dry) biomass in fodder sorghum.
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation with sewage water and scheduling at 1.2 ID/CPE ratio resulted significant (P<0.05) increase in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, leaf to stem (green and dry) biomass and green fodder yield.”
t0“fodder sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
sewage water significantly increased green fodder yield in fodder sorghum.
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation with sewage water and scheduling at 1.2 ID/CPE ratio resulted significant (P<0.05) increase in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, leaf to stem (green and dry) biomass and green fodder yield.”
t0“fodder sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
1.2 ID/CPE ratio significantly increased plant height in fodder sorghum.
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation with sewage water and scheduling at 1.2 ID/CPE ratio resulted significant (P<0.05) increase in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, leaf to stem (green and dry) biomass and green fodder yield.”
t0“fodder sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
1.2 ID/CPE ratio significantly increased number of leaves per plant in fodder sorghum.
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation with sewage water and scheduling at 1.2 ID/CPE ratio resulted significant (P<0.05) increase in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, leaf to stem (green and dry) biomass and green fodder yield.”
t0“fodder sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
1.2 ID/CPE ratio significantly increased leaf area index in fodder sorghum.
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation with sewage water and scheduling at 1.2 ID/CPE ratio resulted significant (P<0.05) increase in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, leaf to stem (green and dry) biomass and green fodder yield.”
t0“fodder sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
1.2 ID/CPE ratio significantly increased leaf to stem (green and dry) biomass in fodder sorghum.
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation with sewage water and scheduling at 1.2 ID/CPE ratio resulted significant (P<0.05) increase in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, leaf to stem (green and dry) biomass and green fodder yield.”
t0“fodder sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
1.2 ID/CPE ratio significantly increased green fodder yield in fodder sorghum.
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation with sewage water and scheduling at 1.2 ID/CPE ratio resulted significant (P<0.05) increase in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, leaf to stem (green and dry) biomass and green fodder yield.”
t0“fodder sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage water reduced dry matter content relative to tube well water.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant (P<0.05) decrease was observed in dry matter content in sewage water as compared to tube well water and 0.8 ID/CPE ratio, respectively.”
t0“fodder sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage water increased green fodder yield by 14.4% at 1st cut relative to tube well water.
- Treatment
- sewage watere0
- Outcome
- green fodder yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14.4%e0
- Qualifier
- 1ste0
- Comparator
- tube well watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The green fodder yield in sewage water was 14.4% and 25.0% higher as compared to tube well water at 1st and 2nd cut, respectively.”
t0“fodder sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage water increased green fodder yield by 25.0% at 2nd cut relative to tube well water.
- Treatment
- sewage watere0
- Outcome
- green fodder yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 25.0%e0
- Qualifier
- 2nde0
- Comparator
- tube well watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The green fodder yield in sewage water was 14.4% and 25.0% higher as compared to tube well water at 1st and 2nd cut, respectively.”
t0“fodder sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Green fodder yield at 1.2 ID/CPE ratio exceeded 0.8 by 15.3% at 1st cut.
- Treatment
- 1.2 ID/CPE ratioe0
- Outcome
- green fodder yielde0
- Direction
- incremente0
- Value
- 15.3%e0
- Qualifier
- 1st cute0
- Comparator
- 0.8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increment in green fodder yield observed at 1.2 ID/CPE ratio as compared to 0.8 was 15.3% at 1st cut (P<0.001) and 20.7% at 2nd cut (P<0.001).”
t0“fodder sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Green fodder yield at 1.2 ID/CPE ratio exceeded 0.8 by 20.7% at 2nd cut.
- Treatment
- 1.2 ID/CPE ratioe0
- Outcome
- green fodder yielde0
- Direction
- incremente0
- Value
- 20.7%e0
- Qualifier
- 2nd cute0
- Comparator
- 0.8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increment in green fodder yield observed at 1.2 ID/CPE ratio as compared to 0.8 was 15.3% at 1st cut (P<0.001) and 20.7% at 2nd cut (P<0.001).”
t0“fodder sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous sewage water irrigation tended to increase soil electrical conductivity.
- Treatment
- Continuous use of sewage water for irrigatione0
- Outcome
- soil electrical conductivity (EC)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous use of sewage water for irrigation tended to increase soil electrical conductivity (EC) and decreased soil pH.”
t0“fodder sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous sewage water irrigation decreased soil pH.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous use of sewage water for irrigation tended to increase soil electrical conductivity (EC) and decreased soil pH.”
t0“fodder sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded sorghum can be grown profitably for quality fodder with sewage irrigation scheduled up to a 1.2 ID/CPE ratio.
- Outcome
- use of sewage for irrigation scheduled at ID/CPE ratio up to 1.2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings indicated that sorghum can be profitably grown for quality fodder with use of sewage for irrigation scheduled at ID/CPE ratio up to 1.2.”