Abstract
Pectate lyases are known to play a key role in pectin degradation by catalyzing the random cleavage of internal polymer linkages (endo-pectinases). In this paper, four novel cDNAs, designated Hg-pel-3, Hg-pel-4, Hg-pel-6 and Hg-pel-7, that encode pectate lyases were cloned and characterized from the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines. The predicted protein sequences of HG-PEL-3, HG-PEL-4 and HG-PEL-6 differed significantly in both their amino acid sequences and their genomic structures from other pectate lyases of H. glycines (HG-PEL-1, HG-PEL-2 and HG-PEL-7). A phylogenetic study revealed that the pectate lyase proteins of H. glycines are clustered into distinct clades and have distinct numbers and positioning of introns, which suggests that the pectate lyase genes of H. glycines may have evolved from at least two ancestral genes. A Southern blot analysis revealed that multiple Hg-pel-6-like genes were present in the H. glycines genome. In situ hybridization showed that four novel pectate lyases (Hg-pel-3, Hg-pel-4, Hg-pel-6 and Hg-pel-7) were actively transcribed in the subventral esophageal gland cells. A semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay supported the finding that the expression of these genes was strong in the egg, pre-parasitic second-stage juvenile (J2) and early parasitic J2 stages and that it declined in further developmental stages of the nematode. This expression pattern suggests that these proteins play a role in the migratory phase of the nematode life cycle. Knocking down Hg-pel-6 using in vitro RNA interference resulted in a 46.9% reduction of the number of nematodes that invaded the plants and a 61.5% suppression of the development of H. glycines females within roots compared to the GFP-dsRNA control. Plant host-derived RNAi induced the silencing of the Hg-pel-6gene, which significantly reduced the nematode infection levels at 7 Days post inoculation (dpi). Similarly, this procedure reduced the number of female adults at 40 dpi, which suggests the important roles of this gene in the early stages of parasitism. Our combined data suggest that two types of pectate lyases are present in the H. glycines genome and may have different roles during infection.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Four novel pectate lyase cDNAs were cloned from soybean cyst nematode.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Interactor
- Heterodera glycines
Heterodera glycinese0pest - Gene
- Hg-pel-3, Hg-pel-4, Hg-pel-6 and Hg-pel-7e0
- Outcome
- four novel cDNAse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four novel cDNAs, designated Hg-pel-3, Hg-pel-4, Hg-pel-6 and Hg-pel-7, that encode pectate lyases were cloned and characterized from the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines”
Claim · model-written summary
Three predicted nematode pectate lyases differed significantly from previously known pectate lyases in sequence and genomic structure.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Interactor
- Heterodera glycinesHeterodera glycinese1pest
- Gene
- HG-PEL-3, HG-PEL-4 and HG-PEL-6e0
- Outcome
- amino acid sequences and their genomic structurese0
- Comparator
- other pectate lyases of H. glycinese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The predicted protein sequences of HG-PEL-3, HG-PEL-4 and HG-PEL-6 differed significantly in both their amino acid sequences and their genomic structures from other pectate lyases of H. glycines (HG-PEL-1, HG-PEL-2 and HG-PEL-7)”
e1“soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode pectate lyases clustered into distinct clades and differed in intron number and position.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Interactor
- Heterodera glycinesHeterodera glycinese1pest
- Gene
- pectate lyase proteins of H. glycinese0
- Outcome
- distinct clades and have distinct numbers and positioning of intronse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pectate lyase proteins of H. glycines are clustered into distinct clades and have distinct numbers and positioning of introns”
e1“soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines”
Claim · model-written summary
Multiple Hg-pel-6-like genes were present in the nematode genome.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Interactor
- Heterodera glycinesHeterodera glycinese1pest
- Gene
- Hg-pel-6-like genese0
- Outcome
- multiple Hg-pel-6-like genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“multiple Hg-pel-6-like genes were present in the H. glycines genome”
e1“soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines”
Claim · model-written summary
Four nematode pectate lyase genes were transcribed in subventral esophageal gland cells.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- subventral esophageal gland cellse0
- Interactor
- Heterodera glycinesHeterodera glycinese1pest
- Gene
- Hg-pel-3, Hg-pel-4, Hg-pel-6 and Hg-pel-7e0
- Outcome
- actively transcribede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four novel pectate lyases (Hg-pel-3, Hg-pel-4, Hg-pel-6 and Hg-pel-7) were actively transcribed in the subventral esophageal gland cells”
e1“soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode pectate lyase gene expression was strong in eggs and early juvenile stages and declined later.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- egg, pre-parasitic second-stage juvenile (J2) and early parasitic J2 stagese0
- Interactor
- Heterodera glycinesHeterodera glycinese1pest
- Outcome
- expression of these genese0
- Direction
- declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of these genes was strong in the egg, pre-parasitic second-stage juvenile (J2) and early parasitic J2 stages and that it declined in further developmental stages of the nematode”
e1“soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro Hg-pel-6 RNA interference reduced nematode invasion of plants by 46.9% compared with a GFP-dsRNA control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Knocking down Hg-pel-6 using in vitro RNA interferencee0
- Interactor
- Heterodera glycinesHeterodera glycinese1pest
- Gene
- Hg-pel-6e0
- Outcome
- number of nematodes that invaded the plantse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 46.9%e0
- Comparator
- GFP-dsRNA controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Knocking down Hg-pel-6 using in vitro RNA interference resulted in a 46.9% reduction of the number of nematodes that invaded the plants and a 61.5% suppression of the development of H. glycines females within roots compared to the GFP-dsRNA control”
e1“soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro Hg-pel-6 RNA interference suppressed female nematode development in roots by 61.5%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Knocking down Hg-pel-6 using in vitro RNA interferencee0
- Interactor
- Heterodera glycinesHeterodera glycinese1pest
- Gene
- Hg-pel-6e0
- Outcome
- development of H. glycines females within rootse0
- Direction
- suppressione0
- Value
- 61.5%e0
- Comparator
- GFP-dsRNA controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Knocking down Hg-pel-6 using in vitro RNA interference resulted in a 46.9% reduction of the number of nematodes that invaded the plants and a 61.5% suppression of the development of H. glycines females within roots compared to the GFP-dsRNA control”
e1“soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines”
Claim · model-written summary
Host-derived RNA interference silenced Hg-pel-6 and significantly reduced nematode infection at 7 days after inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Plant host-derived RNAie0
- Interactor
- Heterodera glycinesHeterodera glycinese1pest
- Gene
- Hg-pel-6genee0
- Outcome
- nematode infection levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 7 Days post inoculation (dpi)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant host-derived RNAi induced the silencing of the Hg-pel-6gene, which significantly reduced the nematode infection levels at 7 Days post inoculation (dpi)”
e1“soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines”
Claim · model-written summary
Host-derived RNA interference reduced the number of adult female nematodes at 40 days after inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- Plant host-derived RNAie1
- Interactor
- Heterodera glycinesHeterodera glycinese2pest
- Outcome
- number of female adultse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 40 dpie0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, this procedure reduced the number of female adults at 40 dpi”
e1“Plant host-derived RNAi induced the silencing of the Hg-pel-6gene”
e2“soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Heterodera glycines · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.