Abstract
BACKGROUND: Plant immune responses can be induced by endogenous and exogenous signaling molecules. Recently, amino acids and their metabolites have been reported to affect the plant immune system. However, how amino acids act in plant defense responses has yet to be clarified. Here, we report that treatment of rice roots with amino acids such as glutamate (Glu) induced systemic disease resistance against rice blast in leaves. RESULTS: Treatment of roots with Glu activated the transcription of a large variety of defense-related genes both in roots and leaves. In leaves, salicylic acid (SA)-responsive genes, rather than jasmonic acid (JA) or ethylene (ET)-responsive genes, were induced by this treatment. The Glu-induced blast resistance was partially impaired in rice plants deficient in SA signaling such as NahG plants expressing an SA hydroxylase, WRKY45-knockdown, and OsNPR1-knockdown plants. The JA-deficient mutant cpm2 exhibited full Glu-induced blast resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the amino acid-induced blast resistance partly depends on the SA pathway but an unknown SA-independent signaling pathway is also involved.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Root amino acid treatment induced systemic rice blast resistance in leaves.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- amino acids such as glutamate (Glu)e0
- Interactor
- rice blaste0pathogen
- Outcome
- systemic disease resistance against rice blaste0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment of rice roots with amino acids such as glutamate (Glu) induced systemic disease resistance against rice blast in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Root Glu treatment activated transcription of many defense-related genes in roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- Glue0
- Outcome
- transcription of a large variety of defense-related genese0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of roots with Glu activated the transcription of a large variety of defense-related genes both in roots and leaves.”
e1“treatment of rice roots with amino acids”
Claim · model-written summary
In leaves, root Glu induced SA-responsive genes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Glue1
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA)-responsive genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In leaves, salicylic acid (SA)-responsive genes, rather than jasmonic acid (JA) or ethylene (ET)-responsive genes, were induced by this treatment.”
e1“Treatment of roots with Glu activated”
e2“treatment of rice roots with amino acids”
Claim · model-written summary
JA- and ET-responsive genes were not induced in leaves by root Glu treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- Glue1
- Outcome
- jasmonic acid (JA) or ethylene (ET)-responsive genese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salicylic acid (SA)-responsive genes, rather than jasmonic acid (JA) or ethylene (ET)-responsive genes, were induced by this treatment”
e1“Treatment of roots with Glu activated”
e2“treatment of rice roots with amino acids”
e3“In leaves, salicylic acid (SA)-responsive genes”
Claim · model-written summary
SA signaling deficiency in NahG plants partially impaired Glu-induced blast resistance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- NahG plantse0
- Treatment
- deficient in SA signalinge0
- Interactor
- rice blaste1pathogen
- Outcome
- Glu-induced blast resistancee0
- Direction
- partially impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Glu-induced blast resistance was partially impaired in rice plants deficient in SA signaling such as NahG plants expressing an SA hydroxylase”
e1“rice blast in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
WRKY45 knockdown partially impaired Glu-induced blast resistance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- WRKY45-knockdowne0
- Treatment
- deficient in SA signalinge0
- Interactor
- rice blaste1pathogen
- Gene
- WRKY45e0
- Outcome
- Glu-induced blast resistancee0
- Direction
- partially impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Glu-induced blast resistance was partially impaired in rice plants deficient in SA signaling such as NahG plants expressing an SA hydroxylase, WRKY45-knockdown”
e1“rice blast in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
OsNPR1 knockdown partially impaired Glu-induced blast resistance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- OsNPR1-knockdown plantse0
- Treatment
- deficient in SA signalinge0
- Interactor
- rice blaste1pathogen
- Gene
- OsNPR1e0
- Outcome
- Glu-induced blast resistancee0
- Direction
- partially impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Glu-induced blast resistance was partially impaired in rice plants deficient in SA signaling such as NahG plants expressing an SA hydroxylase, WRKY45-knockdown, and OsNPR1-knockdown plants.”
e1“rice blast in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The JA-deficient cpm2 mutant retained full Glu-induced blast resistance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- cpm2e0
- Gene
- cpm2e0
- Outcome
- full Glu-induced blast resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The JA-deficient mutant cpm2 exhibited full Glu-induced blast resistance.”
e1“treatment of rice roots with amino acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer that blast resistance partly depends on the SA pathway and also involves an unknown SA-independent pathway.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- amino acid-induced blast resistancee0
- Qualifier
- SA pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amino acid-induced blast resistance partly depends on the SA pathway but an unknown SA-independent signaling pathway is also involved”
e1“treatment of rice roots with amino acids”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 26 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
27 papers more in this group
See all 31 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.