Abstract
Comparative antioxidative analyses of aqueous ethanolic extracts from leaf, root, and stem of Garcinia buchananii revealed high activity of all three organs. To investigate the metabolite composition of the different parts of G. buchananii, an untargeted metabolomics approach using UPLC-ESI-TOF MS with simultaneous acquisition of low- and high-collision energy mass spectra (MS(e)) was performed. Unsupervised statistics (PCA) highlighted clear differences in the metabolomes of the three organs. OPLS-DA revealed (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-GB-1, (2R,3S)-morelloflavone, and (2R,3S)-volkensiflavone as the most decisive marker compounds discriminating leaf from root and stem extract. Leaves represent the best source to isolate GB-1, morelloflavone, and volkensiflavone. Root extract is the best organ to isolate xanthones and stem bark extract the best source to isolate (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-manniflavanone; the identified polyisoprenylated benzophenones are characteristic compounds for the leaf organ. Morelloflavone, volkensiflavone, and garcicowin C were isolated for the first time from G. buchananii, identified via MS, NMR, and CD spectroscopy, and showed in H2O2 scavenging, H/L-TEAC, and H/L-ORAC assays moderate to strong in vitro antioxidative activities.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf, root and stem extracts had high antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- Garcinia buchananiiGarcinia buchananiie0
- Organ / stage
- leaf, root, and steme0
- Outcome
- high activitye0
Verbatim
e0“aqueous ethanolic extracts from leaf, root, and stem of Garcinia buchananii revealed high activity of all three organs”
Claim · model-written summary
The three organs had clearly different metabolomes.
- Taxon
- Garcinia buchananiiGarcinia buchananiie1
- Outcome
- clear differences in the metabolomese0
Verbatim
e0“clear differences in the metabolomes of the three organs”
e1“Garcinia buchananii”
Claim · model-written summary
GB-1, morelloflavone and volkensiflavone were decisive markers distinguishing leaf from root and stem extracts.
- Taxon
- Garcinia buchananiiGarcinia buchananiie1
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- most decisive marker compoundse0
- Comparator
- root and stem extracte0
Verbatim
e0“(2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-GB-1, (2R,3S)-morelloflavone, and (2R,3S)-volkensiflavone as the most decisive marker compounds discriminating leaf from root and stem extract”
e1“Garcinia buchananii”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves were the best source for GB-1, morelloflavone and volkensiflavone.
- Taxon
- Garcinia buchananiiGarcinia buchananiie1
- Organ / stage
- Leavese0
- Outcome
- best source to isolate GB-1, morelloflavone, and volkensiflavonee0
Verbatim
e0“Leaves represent the best source to isolate GB-1, morelloflavone, and volkensiflavone.”
e1“Garcinia buchananii”
Claim · model-written summary
Root extract was the best source of xanthones.
- Taxon
- Garcinia buchananiiGarcinia buchananiie1
- Organ / stage
- Roote0
- Outcome
- best organ to isolate xanthonese0
Verbatim
e0“Root extract is the best organ to isolate xanthones”
e1“Garcinia buchananii”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem bark extract was the best source of manniflavanone.
- Taxon
- Garcinia buchananiiGarcinia buchananiie1
- Organ / stage
- stem barke0
- Outcome
- best source to isolate (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-manniflavanonee0
Verbatim
e0“stem bark extract the best source to isolate (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-manniflavanone”
e1“Garcinia buchananii”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyisoprenylated benzophenones characterized leaves.
- Taxon
- Garcinia buchananiiGarcinia buchananiie1
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- polyisoprenylated benzophenones are characteristic compoundse0
Verbatim
e0“identified polyisoprenylated benzophenones are characteristic compounds for the leaf organ”
e1“Garcinia buchananii”
Claim · model-written summary
Morelloflavone, volkensiflavone and garcicowin C were isolated from this species for the first time.
- Taxon
- G. buchananiiGarcinia buchananiie0
- Outcome
- Morelloflavone, volkensiflavone, and garcicowin C were isolated for the first timee0
Verbatim
e0“Morelloflavone, volkensiflavone, and garcicowin C were isolated for the first time from G. buchananii”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolated compounds showed moderate to strong in vitro antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- G. buchananiiGarcinia buchananiie0
- Outcome
- moderate to strong in vitro antioxidative activitiese0
Verbatim
e0“Morelloflavone, volkensiflavone, and garcicowin C were isolated for the first time from G. buchananii, identified via MS, NMR, and CD spectroscopy, and showed in H2O2 scavenging, H/L-TEAC, and H/L-ORAC assays moderate to strong in vitro antioxidative activities.”