Abstract
Gas exchange, water relations and leaf chemical characteristics were examined of twodominant psammophytes: Artemisia frigida Willd and A halodendron Turcz. ex Bess in Horqin sandy land, NeiMongol, China under different water regimes. The measurements were conducted by submitting the plantsto five different irrigation levels. A. fTigida was characterized by lower photosynthetic rate (Pn), lowertranspiration rate ( TR and lower shoot water potential (ψuw) relative to A. halodendron. Foliage of A frigdahad higher values of relative water deficit (RWD), bound water content (BWC), ratio of bound water contentto free water content (BWC/FWC) and integrated drought-resistant index (DI than that of A. halodendron.Water relations differed significantly between two species in response to soil water availability. ψw, BWCand BWC/FWC ratio of A halodendron exhibited large variation with gradual decrease of soil moisture.However, in terms of these parameters, A. fRIGIDA was characterized by higher capacity of water holding anddrought tolerance relative to A halodendron. Proline and total soluble sugar contents of A frigida and Ahalodendron tended to increase with decrease of soil moisture and the former had a larger increaseamplitude than the latter. This shows that A frigida has a higher osmotic regulation ability than A halodendron.Under the extreme drought conditions, ψw, RWD, BWC and BWC/FWC of two species were approximate,but soluble proteins degraded largely. A large amount of accumulation of organic matter, proline and totalsoluble sugars were observed in both A halodendron and A frigida. The increase in proline and total solublesugar contents and soluble protein degradation of A frigida far exceeded those of A. halodendron. Webelieve that the accumulated materials at this moment are mostly of nutrient substances available for therecovery of plants after the drought. This is one of the reasons why A halodendron plants died while Afrigida plants survived under extremely drought condition. Our results suggest that these
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
A. frigida had lower photosynthetic and transpiration rates and shoot water potential than A. halodendron.
- Taxon
- A. fTigidae0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate (Pn), lowertranspiration rate ( TR and lower shoot water potential (ψuw)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- A. halodendrone0
Not reportedSetting
Verbatim
e0“A. fTigida was characterized by lower photosynthetic rate (Pn), lowertranspiration rate ( TR and lower shoot water potential (ψuw) relative to A. halodendron”
Claim · model-written summary
A. frigida had higher relative water deficit, bound water content, bound to free water ratio and drought resistance index.
Verbatim
e0“A frigdahad higher values of relative water deficit (RWD), bound water content (BWC), ratio of bound water contentto free water content (BWC/FWC) and integrated drought-resistant index (DI than that of A. halodendron”
Claim · model-written summary
The species differed significantly in water relations in response to soil water availability.
- Taxon
- Artemisia frigida Willd and A halodendron Turcz. ex Bess
Artemisia frigidaArtemisia halodendrone1 - Treatment
- soil water availabilitye0
- Outcome
- Water relations differede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water relations differed significantly between two species in response to soil water availability”
e1“Artemisia frigida Willd and A halodendron Turcz. ex Bess”
Claim · model-written summary
A. halodendron water potential, bound water content and bound to free water ratio varied greatly as soil moisture decreased.
- Taxon
- A halodendronArtemisia halodendrone0
- Treatment
- gradual decrease of soil moisturee0
- Outcome
- ψw, BWCand BWC/FWC ratioe0
- Direction
- large variatione0
Verbatim
e0“ψw, BWCand BWC/FWC ratio of A halodendron exhibited large variation with gradual decrease of soil moisture”
Claim · model-written summary
A. frigida had greater water retention and drought tolerance than A. halodendron.
Verbatim
e0“A. fRIGIDA was characterized by higher capacity of water holding anddrought tolerance relative to A halodendron”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline and soluble sugar contents increased in both species as soil moisture decreased, more in A. frigida.
Verbatim
e0“Proline and total soluble sugar contents of A frigida and Ahalodendron tended to increase with decrease of soil moisture and the former had a larger increaseamplitude than the latter”
Claim · model-written summary
A. frigida showed higher osmotic regulation ability than A. halodendron.
- Taxon
- A frigidaArtemisia frigidae0
- Outcome
- osmotic regulation abilitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- A halodendrone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A frigida has a higher osmotic regulation ability than A halodendron”
Claim · model-written summary
Under extreme drought, water relation measures of the two species were approximately equal.
- Taxon
- Artemisia frigida Willd and A halodendron Turcz. ex BessArtemisia frigidaArtemisia halodendrone1
- Treatment
- extreme drought conditionse0
- Outcome
- ψw, RWD, BWC and BWC/FWCe0
- Direction
- approximatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the extreme drought conditions, ψw, RWD, BWC and BWC/FWC of two species were approximate”
e1“Artemisia frigida Willd and A halodendron Turcz. ex Bess”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble proteins degraded greatly under extreme drought.
- Taxon
- Artemisia frigida Willd and A halodendron Turcz. ex BessArtemisia frigidaArtemisia halodendrone1
- Treatment
- extreme drought conditionse0
- Outcome
- soluble proteinse0
- Direction
- degraded largelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the extreme drought conditions, ψw, RWD, BWC and BWC/FWC of two species were approximate,but soluble proteins degraded largely”
e1“Artemisia frigida Willd and A halodendron Turcz. ex Bess”
Claim · model-written summary
Both species accumulated organic matter, proline and soluble sugars under extreme drought.
- Taxon
- A halodendron and A frigidaArtemisia frigidaArtemisia halodendrone0
- Outcome
- organic matter, proline and totalsoluble sugarse0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A large amount of accumulation of organic matter, proline and totalsoluble sugars were observed in both A halodendron and A frigida”
Claim · model-written summary
A. frigida exceeded A. halodendron in proline and soluble sugar increases and soluble protein degradation.
- Taxon
- A frigidaArtemisia frigidae0
- Outcome
- increase in proline and total solublesugar contents and soluble protein degradatione0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Comparator
- A. halodendrone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in proline and total solublesugar contents and soluble protein degradation of A frigida far exceeded those of A. halodendron”
Claim · model-written summary
A. halodendron died under extreme drought while A. frigida survived.
- Taxon
- A halodendronArtemisia halodendrone0
- Treatment
- extremely drought conditione0
- Outcome
- plants diede0
- Comparator
- Afrigidae0
Verbatim
e0“A halodendron plants died while Afrigida plants survived under extremely drought condition”