Abstract
The influence of fruiting stress on shuck decline, nut quality, and premature germinaiton was evaluated on trees of pecan [ Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch]. Fruit at the liquid endosperm state were removed from trees with a mechanical shaker to reduce crop load by 0%, 25%, 41%, 56%, or 77%. Shuck decline and premature germination decreased and kernel quality increased with a reduction in crop load. An excessive fruit load or fruit stress elevated the incidence of shuck decline, previously referred to as shuck disease, tulip disease, shuck die-back, or late season shuck disorder; decreased kernel development; and increased premature germinaiton. Shucks were dissected from fruit ranging from healthy to those with premature shuck opening and examined by scanning electron, transmission electron, and light microscopy. Fungal growth was detectable, but only after tissue degeneration had occurred. Thus, results indicate the onset of shuck decline is caused by stress associated with an excessive crop load and not a pathological disorder. Fungal growth is a secondary, not a primary, factor in deterioration of shucks with decline.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing crop load decreased shuck decline and premature germination in pecan.
- Taxon
- pecan
_1_(24790682337).jpg?width=60)
Carya illinoinensise0 - Treatment
- reduce crop load by 0%, 25%, 41%, 56%, or 77%e1
- Outcome
- Shuck decline and premature germinatione2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- 0%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_1_(24790682337).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“trees of pecan”
e1“Fruit at the liquid endosperm state were removed from trees with a mechanical shaker to reduce crop load by 0%, 25%, 41%, 56%, or 77%”
e2“Shuck decline and premature germination decreased and kernel quality increased with a reduction in crop load”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing crop load increased kernel quality in pecan.
- Taxon
- pecanCarya illinoinensise0
- Treatment
- reduce crop load by 0%, 25%, 41%, 56%, or 77%e1
- Outcome
- kernel qualitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- 0%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trees of pecan”
e1“Fruit at the liquid endosperm state were removed from trees with a mechanical shaker to reduce crop load by 0%, 25%, 41%, 56%, or 77%”
e2“Shuck decline and premature germination decreased and kernel quality increased with a reduction in crop load”
Claim · model-written summary
An excessive fruit load or fruit stress was associated with decreased kernel development in pecan.
- Taxon
- pecanCarya illinoinensise0
- Treatment
- excessive fruit loade1
- Outcome
- kernel developmente2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trees of pecan”
e1“An excessive fruit load or fruit stress elevated”
e2“decreased kernel development”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal growth in pecan shucks was detectable only after tissue degeneration had occurred.
- Taxon
- pecanCarya illinoinensise0
- Organ / stage
- tissuee1
- Interactor
- Fungale1other
- Outcome
- Fungal growth was detectablee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trees of pecan”
e1“Fungal growth was detectable, but only after tissue degeneration had occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the onset of shuck decline is caused by stress associated with an excessive crop load and not a pathological disorder.
- Taxon
- pecanCarya illinoinensise0
- Treatment
- excessive crop loade1
- Outcome
- onset of shuck declinee1
- Qualifier
- not a pathological disordere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trees of pecan”
e1“results indicate the onset of shuck decline is caused by stress associated with an excessive crop load and not a pathological disorder”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that fungal growth is a secondary, not a primary, factor in deterioration of declining pecan shucks.
- Taxon
- pecanCarya illinoinensise0
- Interactor
- Fungale1other
- Outcome
- deterioration of shuckse1
- Qualifier
- secondary, not a primary, factore1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trees of pecan”
e1“Fungal growth is a secondary, not a primary, factor in deterioration of shucks with decline”