Abstract
Eritrean farmers can cultivate rice by harvesting runoff from >82% available non-agricultural land in agricultural watersheds for crop use and reducing percolation through optimization of tillage. Experiments were conducted with NERICA rice, N11, to optimize irrigation requirements and puddling and compaction to reduce percolation. Experimental field was adjacent to Anseba River at downstream end of the watershed and a pond on the upstream to intercept runoff. Irrigation treatments were runoff farming with maximum runoff application depth of 10 mm (I1), and 50 mm irrigation two (I2), five (I3), and seven (I4) days after disappearance of ponded water in main plots and puddling by one (T1), two (T2) and three (T3) passes of puddler and compaction by three (T4), four (T5) and five (T6) passes of 600 kg roller in sub plots in 3 replications. Soil profile was loam in the surface 0.45 m and coarse sandy loam below forming porous belt. Soil submergence was difficult to maintain, but water table was developed in soil profile due to inflow of seepage from the river and pond. Depth to the water table was within 1.5 ± 0.1 m for >2 months and receded down to 1.7 m by crop maturity. Soil wetness was near field capacity around 0.7 m depth and increased below due to natural sub-irrigation from the water table. Rice roots penetrated 0.8 m in the puddled plots and 0.7 m in the compacted plots. Residual soil moisture of 135 - 146 mm·m-1 after rice harvesting provides opportunity for planting rapeseed mustered following rice. Puddling was superior to compaction in loam soil. Puddling twice and irrigation 50 mm 7 days after ponded water vanished from surface was sufficient for optimum rice grain yield of 4346 kg·ha-1 and straw yield of 4458 kg·ha-1. Optimum puddling and irrigation schedules reduced crop duration by 6 days without significantly affecting yield. Production function showed that rice grain yield of 4789 kg ha-1 could be obtained by 1009 mm applied water through rainfall and irrigation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Rice roots penetrated 0.8 m in puddled plots.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- puddled plotse0
- Outcome
- roots penetratede0
- Value
- 0.8 me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice roots penetrated 0.8 m in the puddled plots and 0.7 m in the compacted plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice roots penetrated 0.7 m in compacted plots.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- compacted plotse0
- Outcome
- roots penetratede0
- Value
- 0.7 me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice roots penetrated 0.8 m in the puddled plots and 0.7 m in the compacted plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual soil moisture after rice harvest was 135 - 146 mm·m-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- Residual soil moisturee0
- Value
- 135 - 146 mm·m-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Residual soil moisture of 135 - 146 mm·m-1 after rice harvesting”
Claim · model-written summary
Puddling performed better than compaction in loam soil.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Puddlinge0
- Outcome
- superiore0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- compactione0
- Setting
- loam soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Puddling was superior to compaction in loam soil”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice puddling and irrigation after seven days produced optimal rice grain yield of 4346 kg·ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Puddling twice and irrigation 50 mm 7 days after ponded water vanished from surfacee0
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- optimume0
- Value
- 4346 kg·ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Puddling twice and irrigation 50 mm 7 days after ponded water vanished from surface was sufficient for optimum rice grain yield of 4346 kg·ha-1 and straw yield of 4458 kg·ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
The same schedule produced rice straw yield of 4458 kg·ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Puddling twice and irrigation 50 mm 7 days after ponded water vanished from surfacee0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Value
- 4458 kg·ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Puddling twice and irrigation 50 mm 7 days after ponded water vanished from surface was sufficient for optimum rice grain yield of 4346 kg·ha-1 and straw yield of 4458 kg·ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal puddling and irrigation shortened crop duration by six days.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Optimum puddling and irrigation schedulese0
- Outcome
- crop duratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimum puddling and irrigation schedules reduced crop duration by 6 days without significantly affecting yield”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The schedules did not significantly affect yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Optimum puddling and irrigation schedulese0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- without significantly affectinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimum puddling and irrigation schedules reduced crop duration by 6 days without significantly affecting yield”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
A production function estimated rice grain yield of 4789 kg ha-1 with 1009 mm applied water.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 1009 mm applied water through rainfall and irrigatione0
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Value
- 4789 kg ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Production function showed that rice grain yield of 4789 kg ha-1 could be obtained by 1009 mm applied water through rainfall and irrigation”
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