Abstract
Various sampling schemes were evaluated for estimating the population size of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer, on an apple tree. More aphids were found to inhabit the actively growing shoots in the top of the tree canopy than the bottom. An average of 90% of the total aphid population occurred on the first six leaves at the top of the tree, whereas the first four leaves contained 90% of the aphids at the bottom for all sampling dates. The method of counting the number of aphids on the most infested leaf provided the most accurate assessment of aphid density, but it required the most effort. Counting only the number of infested leaves per shoot resulted in a decrease in accuracy, but also a 4- to 8-fold decrease in the time required to sample. Reliable estimates of the aphid population over an entire tree can be made from sampling only those areas of the tree reachable from the ground. Sample size estimates are presented on the number of shoots and trees to sample, as well as an estimate of precision.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
More aphids inhabited the actively growing shoots in the top of the apple canopy than the bottom.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Organ / stage
- actively growing shoots in the top of the tree canopye1
- Interactor
- Aphis pomi
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Aphis pomie0pest - Outcome
- aphidse1
- Direction
- Moree1
- Comparator
- the bottome1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Various sampling schemes were evaluated for estimating the population size of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer, on an apple tree”
e1“More aphids were found to inhabit the actively growing shoots in the top of the tree canopy than the bottom”
Claim · model-written summary
About 90% of the aphid population occurred on the first six leaves at the top of the apple tree.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- first six leaves at the top of the treee2
- Interactor
- Aphis pomiAphis pomie0pest
- Outcome
- aphid populatione2
- Value
- 90%e2
- Qualifier
- averagee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Various sampling schemes were evaluated for estimating the population size of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer, on an apple tree”
e2“An average of 90% of the total aphid population occurred on the first six leaves at the top of the tree, whereas the first four leaves contained 90% of the aphids at the bottom for all sampling dates”
Claim · model-written summary
About 90% of aphids were on the first four leaves at the bottom of the apple tree on all sampling dates.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- first four leavese2
- Interactor
- Aphis pomiAphis pomie0pest
- Outcome
- aphidse2
- Value
- 90%e2
- Qualifier
- for all sampling datese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Various sampling schemes were evaluated for estimating the population size of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer, on an apple tree”
e2“An average of 90% of the total aphid population occurred on the first six leaves at the top of the tree, whereas the first four leaves contained 90% of the aphids at the bottom for all sampling dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Counting aphids on the most infested leaf gave the most accurate assessment of aphid density, but required the most effort.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- Aphis pomiAphis pomie0pest
- Outcome
- most accurate assessment of aphid densitye3
- Qualifier
- but it required the most efforte3
- Comparator
- Various sampling schemese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Various sampling schemes were evaluated for estimating the population size of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer, on an apple tree”
e3“The method of counting the number of aphids on the most infested leaf provided the most accurate assessment of aphid density, but it required the most effort”
Claim · model-written summary
Counting only infested leaves per shoot decreased the accuracy of the aphid density assessment.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- Aphis pomiAphis pomie0pest
- Outcome
- accuracye4
- Direction
- decreasee4
- Comparator
- method of counting the number of aphids on the most infested leafe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Various sampling schemes were evaluated for estimating the population size of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer, on an apple tree”
e3“The method of counting the number of aphids on the most infested leaf provided the most accurate assessment of aphid density, but it required the most effort”
e4“Counting only the number of infested leaves per shoot resulted in a decrease in accuracy, but also a 4- to 8-fold decrease in the time required to sample”
Claim · model-written summary
Counting only infested leaves per shoot reduced the time required to sample by 4- to 8-fold.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- Aphis pomiAphis pomie0pest
- Outcome
- time required to samplee4
- Direction
- decreasee4
- Value
- 4- to 8-folde4
- Comparator
- method of counting the number of aphids on the most infested leafe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Various sampling schemes were evaluated for estimating the population size of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer, on an apple tree”
e3“The method of counting the number of aphids on the most infested leaf provided the most accurate assessment of aphid density, but it required the most effort”
e4“Counting only the number of infested leaves per shoot resulted in a decrease in accuracy, but also a 4- to 8-fold decrease in the time required to sample”
Claim · model-written summary
Sampling only the apple tree areas reachable from the ground gives reliable estimates of the aphid population over the entire tree.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- sampling only those areas of the tree reachable from the grounde5
- Qualifier
- Reliable estimates of the aphid population over an entire treee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Various sampling schemes were evaluated for estimating the population size of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer, on an apple tree”
e5“Reliable estimates of the aphid population over an entire tree can be made from sampling only those areas of the tree reachable from the ground”
Claim · model-written summary
Sample size estimates are given for the number of apple shoots and trees to sample, with an estimate of precision.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- Sample size estimatese6
- Qualifier
- number of shoots and trees to samplee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Various sampling schemes were evaluated for estimating the population size of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer, on an apple tree”
e6“Sample size estimates are presented on the number of shoots and trees to sample, as well as an estimate of precision”