Abstract
Effects of rate and total spray volume on activity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki against Heliothis virescens (F.) in cotton terminals was determined in field cotton. Higher B. thuringiensis rates caused higher initial mortality than the lower rates and maintained higher efficacy up to 3 d, Persistence did not differ significantly (P ≤ 0.05) among rates, and half-lives ranged from 2.4 to 3.1 d. Spray volume did not affect the activity of B. thuringiensis in cotton terminals. Half-lives for B. thuringiensis applied at a rate of 1.12 kg/ha were 3-3.1 d for 46.7, 93.4 and 140 liters/ha.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Higher bacterial rates caused higher initial pest mortality than lower rates.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- Higher B. thuringiensis ratese0
- Interactor
- Heliothis virescens
Heliothis virescenst1pest - Outcome
- initial mortalitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the lower ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher B. thuringiensis rates caused higher initial mortality than the lower rates”
t0“Cotton Terminals”
t1“Heliothis virescens”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher bacterial rates maintained higher efficacy for up to three days.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Higher B. thuringiensis ratese1
- Interactor
- Heliothis virescensHeliothis virescenst1pest
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- up to 3 de0
- Comparator
- the lower ratese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maintained higher efficacy up to 3 d”
e1“Higher B. thuringiensis rates caused higher initial mortality than the lower rates”
t0“Cotton Terminals”
t1“Heliothis virescens”
Claim · model-written summary
Persistence did not differ significantly among bacterial application rates.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- ratese0
- Interactor
- Heliothis virescensHeliothis virescenst1pest
- Outcome
- Persistencee0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- among ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Persistence did not differ significantly (P ≤ 0.05) among rates”
t0“Cotton Terminals”
t1“Heliothis virescens”
Claim · model-written summary
Persistence half-lives across rates ranged from 2.4 to 3.1 days.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- Heliothis virescensHeliothis virescenst1pest
- Outcome
- half-livese0
- Value
- 2.4 to 3.1 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“half-lives ranged from 2.4 to 3.1 d”
t0“Cotton Terminals”
t1“Heliothis virescens”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray volume did not affect bacterial activity in cotton terminals.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Spray volumee0
- Interactor
- Heliothis virescensHeliothis virescenst1pest
- Outcome
- activity of B. thuringiensise0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spray volume did not affect the activity of B. thuringiensis in cotton terminals”
t0“Cotton Terminals”
t1“Heliothis virescens”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.12 kg/ha, bacterial persistence half-lives were 3-3.1 days across three spray volumes.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 1.12 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- Heliothis virescensHeliothis virescenst1pest
- Outcome
- Half-lives for B. thuringiensise0
- Value
- 3-3.1 de0
- Qualifier
- 46.7, 93.4 and 140 liters/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Half-lives for B. thuringiensis applied at a rate of 1.12 kg/ha were 3-3.1 d for 46.7, 93.4 and 140 liters/ha”
t0“Cotton Terminals”
t1“Heliothis virescens”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus thuringiensis · Heliothis virescens · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
application · Heliothis virescens · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.