Abstract
Four herbicide treatments applied in the spring or fall were evaluated for leafy spurge control and forage production in eastern and western North Dakota during a 5-yr experiment. All treatments gradually reduced the leafy spurge infestation at both locations except 2,4-D at 2.2 kg ae ha -1 applied annually in the spring or fall and picloram plus 2,4-D at 0.28 plus 1.1 kg ae ha -1 applied annually in the fall. The most cost effective treatment was picloram plus 2,4-D applied annually in the spring which provided a net return of $284 and $108/ha in eastern and western North Dakota, respectively, and averaged 80% leafy spurge control. Picloram at 2.2 kg ha -1 was reapplied only when leafy spurge control declined to less than 70% and provided a net return of $96/ha in eastern North Dakota, but a net loss of $235/ha in western North Dakota. Dicamba at 9 kg ae ha -1 was applied up to four times to maintain 70% control with an average net loss of $458/ha. Total potential production and value of forage will determine if a specific treatment is cost effective in any one location.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Most herbicide treatments gradually reduced leafy spurge infestation at both sites.
- Taxon
- leafy spurge
Euphorbia esulae0 - Treatment
- All treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leafy spurge infestatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- except 2,4-D at 2.2 kg ae ha -1 applied annually in the spring or fall and picloram plus 2,4-D at 0.28 plus 1.1 kg ae ha -1 applied annually in the falle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments gradually reduced the leafy spurge infestation at both locations except 2,4-D at 2.2 kg ae ha -1 applied annually in the spring or fall and picloram plus 2,4-D at 0.28 plus 1.1 kg ae ha -1 applied annually in the fall”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual spring picloram plus 2,4-D produced a $284 net return in eastern North Dakota.
- Taxon
- leafy spurgeEuphorbia esulae1
- Treatment
- picloram plus 2,4-D applied annually in the springe0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Value
- $284e0
- Setting
- easterne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“picloram plus 2,4-D applied annually in the spring which provided a net return of $284 and $108/ha in eastern and western North Dakota, respectively”
e1“leafy spurge control and forage production”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual spring picloram plus 2,4-D produced a $108/ha net return in western North Dakota.
- Taxon
- leafy spurgeEuphorbia esulae1
- Treatment
- picloram plus 2,4-D applied annually in the springe0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Value
- $108/hae0
- Setting
- western North Dakotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“picloram plus 2,4-D applied annually in the spring which provided a net return of $284 and $108/ha in eastern and western North Dakota, respectively”
e1“leafy spurge control and forage production”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual spring picloram plus 2,4-D averaged 80% leafy spurge control.
- Taxon
- leafy spurgeEuphorbia esulae0
- Treatment
- picloram plus 2,4-D applied annually in the springe1
- Outcome
- leafy spurge controle0
- Value
- 80%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“averaged 80% leafy spurge control”
e1“picloram plus 2,4-D applied annually in the spring”
Claim · model-written summary
Conditional picloram reapplication gave $96/ha net return in eastern North Dakota.
- Taxon
- leafy spurgeEuphorbia esulae0
- Treatment
- Picloram at 2.2 kg ha -1e0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Value
- $96/hae0
- Setting
- eastern North Dakotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Picloram at 2.2 kg ha -1 was reapplied only when leafy spurge control declined to less than 70% and provided a net return of $96/ha in eastern North Dakota”
Claim · model-written summary
Conditional picloram reapplication gave $235/ha net loss in western North Dakota.
- Taxon
- leafy spurgeEuphorbia esulae0
- Treatment
- Picloram at 2.2 kg ha -1e0
- Outcome
- net losse0
- Value
- $235/hae0
- Setting
- western North Dakotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Picloram at 2.2 kg ha -1 was reapplied only when leafy spurge control declined to less than 70% and provided a net return of $96/ha in eastern North Dakota, but a net loss of $235/ha in western North Dakota”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba maintained 70% control with an average $458/ha net loss.
- Taxon
- leafy spurgeEuphorbia esulae1
- Treatment
- Dicamba at 9 kg ae ha -1e0
- Outcome
- net losse0
- Value
- $458/hae0
- Qualifier
- 70% controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba at 9 kg ae ha -1 was applied up to four times to maintain 70% control with an average net loss of $458/ha”
e1“leafy spurge control and forage production”
Claim · model-written summary
The economic value of forage determines treatment cost effectiveness at a location.
- Taxon
- leafy spurgeEuphorbia esulae1
- Outcome
- specific treatment is cost effectivee0
- Qualifier
- Total potential production and value of foragee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total potential production and value of forage will determine if a specific treatment is cost effective in any one location”
e1“leafy spurge control and forage production”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · control · Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →picloram · control · Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge)Results agree
16 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.