Abstract
1. Cross sections were taken from mature rice kernels which had been kept in water for 24 or 36 hours, and were heated with an alcohol-lamp untill they became translucent. 2. When the embryo-sac becomes completely filled up with endosperm cells, 5∼7 days after flowering, the disposition of starch-cells in the cross section of kernel becomes to be characterized according to the variety, and toward 10 days after flowering, this characteristic disposition connected with the variety becomes more distinct, and thereafter it does not show any remarkable change until the mature time. 3. These varietal characteristics of the disposition of starch-cell are represented by the following 3 types. (1) In the first type, starch-cells are disposed radially and concentrically from the center of the tissue, and the starch-cells develope more vigorously along the dorso-ventral diameter than those in the other two types. The disposition of starch-cell of the varieties belonging to foreign rice, upland rice, glutinous rice and "koshitsu-mai" show this type. (Photos. 1, 2, 3, 4, ) (2) The second type is found in the kernel of the varieties used for brewing. Several layers of endosperm tissue are compressed along the dorso-ventral diameter into slender layers, because the growth of cells in these layers is very poor. In white-core kernels, these layers are conspicuously under grown and the disposition of adjacent starch-cells are disturbed. (Photos. 7, 8, 9, 10) (3) The third type is medial between the types 1 and 2, and the varieties of "nanshitsu-mai" belong to this type. (Photos. 5, 6) (Fig. 1) 4. The grade of fullness of rice kernel is appropriately indicated by its specific gravity, and in general the specific gravity is low in the outer part of kernel and becomes higher toward the inner part. In the kernels of the varieties belonging to the type 1, the specific gravity becomes higher consistently toward the core. In the kernel of the varieties of type 2, however, it is highest in the middle part of kernel and lower in the central part. In the type 3, it is highest in the middle part, while it does not lower at the central part. (Fig. 2)
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Rice kernel starch cell arrangement became variety specific at 5∼7 days after flowering.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- kernele0
- Outcome
- disposition of starch-cellse0
- Qualifier
- 5∼7 days after floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the embryo-sac becomes completely filled up with endosperm cells, 5∼7 days after flowering, the disposition of starch-cells in the cross section of kernel becomes to be characterized according to the variety, and toward 10 days after flowering, this characteristic disposition connected with the variety becomes more distinct, and thereafter it does not show any remarkable change until the mature time.”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
The variety specific starch cell arrangement became more distinct near 10 days after flowering.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- kernele0
- Outcome
- disposition of starch-cellse0
- Direction
- more distincte0
- Qualifier
- 10 days after floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the embryo-sac becomes completely filled up with endosperm cells, 5∼7 days after flowering, the disposition of starch-cells in the cross section of kernel becomes to be characterized according to the variety, and toward 10 days after flowering, this characteristic disposition connected with the variety becomes more distinct, and thereafter it does not show any remarkable change until the mature time.”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
The arrangement then showed no remarkable change until maturity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- kernele0
- Outcome
- disposition of starch-cellse0
- Direction
- does not show any remarkable changee0
- Qualifier
- until the mature timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the embryo-sac becomes completely filled up with endosperm cells, 5∼7 days after flowering, the disposition of starch-cells in the cross section of kernel becomes to be characterized according to the variety, and toward 10 days after flowering, this characteristic disposition connected with the variety becomes more distinct, and thereafter it does not show any remarkable change until the mature time.”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Type 1 rice kernels had radial and concentric starch cell arrangement.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- first typee0
- Outcome
- starch-cells are disposed radially and concentricallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the first type, starch-cells are disposed radially and concentrically from the center of the tissue, and the starch-cells develope more vigorously along the dorso-ventral diameter than those in the other two types.”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Type 1 starch cells developed more vigorously along the dorso-ventral diameter than in the other two types.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- first typee0
- Outcome
- starch-cells developee0
- Direction
- more vigorouslye0
- Comparator
- other two typese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the first type, starch-cells are disposed radially and concentrically from the center of the tissue, and the starch-cells develope more vigorously along the dorso-ventral diameter than those in the other two types.”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Foreign, upland, glutinous and koshitsu-mai rice varieties showed type 1 starch cell arrangement.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- foreign rice, upland rice, glutinous rice and "koshitsu-mai"e0
- Outcome
- show this typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The disposition of starch-cell of the varieties belonging to foreign rice, upland rice, glutinous rice and "koshitsu-mai" show this type.”
Claim · model-written summary
Brewing rice varieties showed type 2 starch cell arrangement.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- varieties used for brewinge0
- Outcome
- second typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The second type is found in the kernel of the varieties used for brewing. Several layers of endosperm tissue are compressed along the dorso-ventral diameter into slender layers, because the growth of cells in these layers is very poor.”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
In type 2 kernels, several endosperm layers were compressed into slender layers along the dorso-ventral diameter.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- endosperm tissuee0
- Outcome
- compressed along the dorso-ventral diameter into slender layerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The second type is found in the kernel of the varieties used for brewing. Several layers of endosperm tissue are compressed along the dorso-ventral diameter into slender layers, because the growth of cells in these layers is very poor.”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
White-core kernels had conspicuously undergrown endosperm layers.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- white-core kernelse0
- Outcome
- conspicuously under growne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In white-core kernels, these layers are conspicuously under grown and the disposition of adjacent starch-cells are disturbed.”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
White-core kernels had disturbed adjacent starch cell arrangement.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- white-core kernelse0
- Outcome
- disposition of adjacent starch-cells are disturbede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In white-core kernels, these layers are conspicuously under grown and the disposition of adjacent starch-cells are disturbed.”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
The third rice kernel starch cell arrangement was intermediate between types 1 and 2.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- third type is medial between the types 1 and 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The third type is medial between the types 1 and 2, and the varieties of "nanshitsu-mai" belong to this type.”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanshitsu-mai varieties had type 3 starch cell arrangement.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- "nanshitsu-mai"e0
- Outcome
- belong to this typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The third type is medial between the types 1 and 2, and the varieties of "nanshitsu-mai" belong to this type.”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific gravity was an indicator of rice kernel fullness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- kernele0
- Outcome
- grade of fullness of rice kernele0
- Qualifier
- specific gravitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grade of fullness of rice kernel is appropriately indicated by its specific gravity, and in general the specific gravity is low in the outer part of kernel and becomes higher toward the inner part.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice kernel specific gravity generally increased from the outer to the inner part.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- kernele0
- Outcome
- specific gravitye0
- Direction
- becomes highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grade of fullness of rice kernel is appropriately indicated by its specific gravity, and in general the specific gravity is low in the outer part of kernel and becomes higher toward the inner part.”
Claim · model-written summary
Type 1 rice kernels had increasing specific gravity toward the core.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- type 1e0
- Outcome
- specific gravitye0
- Direction
- becomes highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the kernels of the varieties belonging to the type 1, the specific gravity becomes higher consistently toward the core.”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Type 2 rice kernels had peak specific gravity in the middle and lower gravity at the center.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- type 2e0
- Outcome
- highest in the middle part of kernel and lower in the central parte0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the kernel of the varieties of type 2, however, it is highest in the middle part of kernel and lower in the central part.”
t0“Rice Kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Type 3 rice kernels had peak specific gravity in the middle without a decrease at the center.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- type 3e0
- Outcome
- highest in the middle parte0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the type 3, it is highest in the middle part, while it does not lower at the central part.”
t0“Rice Kernels”