Abstract
Azadirachta indica, Karanj, Pongamia pinnata and vekhand, Acorus calamus L. were evaluated to screen their efficiency for the control of sucking pests of Bt cotton during Kharif 2009 to 2012 at Cotton Improvement Project, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri. All the organic pesticide treatments were superior over untreated control. Among the evaluated organic pesticides the treatment with 5 per cent hingan bet extract @ 2 litre per hectare was observed to be effective in reducing pest population in which aphids, jassids, thrips and whiteflies of 22.68, 8.16, 14.53 and 10.97 per three leaves, respectively, were recorded with the seed cotton yield of 20.77 quintal per hectare. However, this treatment was statistically at par with 5 per cent ritthaa extract @ 2 litre per hectare. The treatment with 5 per cent ritthaa extract recorded aphids, jassids, thrips and whiteflies of 23.16, 9.87, 15.34 and 12.65 per three leaves, respectively, with the seed cotton yield of 20.09 quintal per hectare. The treatment with 5 per cent NSE @ 2 litre per hectare recorded 28.96, 12.61, 17.71 and 15.18 aphids, jassids, thrips and whiteflies per three leaves, respectively, with the seed cotton yield of 12.31 quintal per hectare. The phytotoxicity studies on leaf injury on tips and leaf surface, wilting, vein necrosis, epinasty and hyponasty showed that there was no phytotoxic effect of the evaluated pesticides on cotton crop at the evaluated doses. The counts on natural enemies in the treatments with hinganbet and ritthaa extract were more or less similar to those recorded in untreated control. This clearly indicated that there was no adverse effects on natural enemies due to spraying of hinganbet and ritthhaa extract at evaluated doses.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Organic pesticide treatments were superior to untreated control.
Verbatim
e0“All the organic pesticide treatments were superior over untreated control.”
t0“Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Hingan bet extract reduced aphids to 22.68 per three leaves.
- Taxon
- Bt cottont0
- Treatment
- 5 per cent hingan bet extract @ 2 litre per hectaree0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Outcome
- aphidse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 22.68e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“5 per cent hingan bet extract @ 2 litre per hectare was observed to be effective in reducing pest population in which aphids, jassids, thrips and whiteflies of 22.68, 8.16, 14.53 and 10.97 per three leaves, respectively, were recorded”
t0“Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Hingan bet extract reduced jassids to 8.16 per three leaves.
- Taxon
- Bt cottont0
- Treatment
- 5 per cent hingan bet extract @ 2 litre per hectaree0
- Interactor
- jassidse0pest
- Outcome
- jassidse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 8.16e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“5 per cent hingan bet extract @ 2 litre per hectare was observed to be effective in reducing pest population in which aphids, jassids, thrips and whiteflies of 22.68, 8.16, 14.53 and 10.97 per three leaves, respectively, were recorded”
t0“Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Hingan bet extract reduced thrips to 14.53 per three leaves.
- Taxon
- Bt cottont0
- Treatment
- 5 per cent hingan bet extract @ 2 litre per hectaree0
- Outcome
- thripse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 14.53e0
ThripsNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“5 per cent hingan bet extract @ 2 litre per hectare was observed to be effective in reducing pest population in which aphids, jassids, thrips and whiteflies of 22.68, 8.16, 14.53 and 10.97 per three leaves, respectively, were recorded”
t0“Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Hingan bet extract reduced whiteflies to 10.97 per three leaves.
- Taxon
- Bt cottont0
- Treatment
- 5 per cent hingan bet extract @ 2 litre per hectaree0
- Interactor
- whitefliesAleyrodoideae0pest
- Outcome
- whitefliese0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 10.97e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“5 per cent hingan bet extract @ 2 litre per hectare was observed to be effective in reducing pest population in which aphids, jassids, thrips and whiteflies of 22.68, 8.16, 14.53 and 10.97 per three leaves, respectively, were recorded”
t0“Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Hingan bet extract produced seed cotton yield of 20.77 quintal per hectare.
Verbatim
e0“this treatment was statistically at par with 5 per cent ritthaa extract @ 2 litre per hectare”
e1“seed cotton yield of 20.77 quintal per hectare”
e2“5 per cent hingan bet extract @ 2 litre per hectare”
t0“Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Hingan bet and ritthaa extract were statistically at par.
- Taxon
- Bt cottont0
- Treatment
- 5 per cent hingan bet extract @ 2 litre per hectaree1
- Outcome
- statistically at pare0
- Comparator
- 5 per cent ritthaa extract @ 2 litre per hectaree0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“this treatment was statistically at par with 5 per cent ritthaa extract @ 2 litre per hectare”
e1“5 per cent hingan bet extract @ 2 litre per hectare”
t0“Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Ritthaa extract recorded 23.16 aphids per three leaves.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment with 5 per cent ritthaa extract recorded aphids, jassids, thrips and whiteflies of 23.16, 9.87, 15.34 and 12.65 per three leaves, respectively”
t0“Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Ritthaa extract recorded 9.87 jassids per three leaves.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment with 5 per cent ritthaa extract recorded aphids, jassids, thrips and whiteflies of 23.16, 9.87, 15.34 and 12.65 per three leaves, respectively”
t0“Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Ritthaa extract recorded 15.34 thrips per three leaves.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment with 5 per cent ritthaa extract recorded aphids, jassids, thrips and whiteflies of 23.16, 9.87, 15.34 and 12.65 per three leaves, respectively”
t0“Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Ritthaa extract recorded 12.65 whiteflies per three leaves.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment with 5 per cent ritthaa extract recorded aphids, jassids, thrips and whiteflies of 23.16, 9.87, 15.34 and 12.65 per three leaves, respectively”
t0“Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Ritthaa extract produced seed cotton yield of 20.09 quintal per hectare.
Verbatim
e0“seed cotton yield of 20.09 quintal per hectare”
e1“The treatment with 5 per cent ritthaa extract recorded”
t0“Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
NSE treatment recorded 28.96 aphids per three leaves.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment with 5 per cent NSE @ 2 litre per hectare recorded 28.96, 12.61, 17.71 and 15.18 aphids, jassids, thrips and whiteflies per three leaves, respectively”
t0“Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
NSE treatment recorded 12.61 jassids per three leaves.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment with 5 per cent NSE @ 2 litre per hectare recorded 28.96, 12.61, 17.71 and 15.18 aphids, jassids, thrips and whiteflies per three leaves, respectively”
t0“Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
NSE treatment recorded 17.71 thrips per three leaves.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment with 5 per cent NSE @ 2 litre per hectare recorded 28.96, 12.61, 17.71 and 15.18 aphids, jassids, thrips and whiteflies per three leaves, respectively”
t0“Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
NSE treatment recorded 15.18 whiteflies per three leaves.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment with 5 per cent NSE @ 2 litre per hectare recorded 28.96, 12.61, 17.71 and 15.18 aphids, jassids, thrips and whiteflies per three leaves, respectively”
t0“Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
NSE treatment produced seed cotton yield of 12.31 quintal per hectare.
Verbatim
e0“seed cotton yield of 12.31 quintal per hectare”
e1“The treatment with 5 per cent NSE @ 2 litre per hectare recorded”
t0“Bt cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Evaluated pesticides produced no phytotoxic symptoms in cotton at tested doses.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- evaluated pesticidese0
- Outcome
- phytotoxic effecte0
- Direction
- noe0
- Qualifier
- at the evaluated dosese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no phytotoxic effect of the evaluated pesticides on cotton crop at the evaluated doses”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural enemy counts under hinganbet and ritthaa extracts were similar to untreated control.
Verbatim
e0“The counts on natural enemies in the treatments with hinganbet and ritthaa extract were more or less similar to those recorded in untreated control.”
t0“Bt cotton”
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