Abstract
In addition to the oat sterile-dwarf virus (OSDV) as the main agent causing grave damage to cereal crops in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands during 1954–56, when the disease reached catastrophic proportions, it was found that wheat striate virus (WSV) also played a part. Symptomatological study showed that there are characteristic differences between the effect of WSV on the host plants and that of OSDV. Similarly to OSDV, however, WSV is specifically spread by the leafhopperCalligypona pellucida Fabr. Following long-term individual testing of vectors taken from localities infested with OSDV and WSV, four groups of insects were distinguished according to their pathogenic effects on cereal crops: 1. nonpathogenic, 2. producing OSDV symptoms, 3. producing WSV symptoms, 4. producing for the most part OSDV symptoms, but occasionally WSV or symptoms characteristic for both viruses simultaneously. WSV is persistent in its vector and is transferred byC. pellucida larvae at different stages of development and by imagos of both sexes. WSV tends to be transferred less regularly than OSDV. Considerable differences in efficiency of carrying WSV are to be found between individual leafhoppers, so that it is possible to assume the existence of races with varying efficiency in this respect. Among field populations in this country less efficient races prevail. For the transmission of WSV to be effected it was necessary for the vector to remain on the host for at least nine hours, but it seems that a shorter period might suffice. Extracts of crushed leaves of wheat plants suffering from the striate disease and from infective leafhoppers failed to cause infection when inoculated mechanically (by rubbing, injection) into plants. Attempts to achieve transmission through the soil or by dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) gave negative results. It was not possible to determine the thermal inactivation point of the virus in the live vector. The mosaic (zakuklivanie) virus of oat and the Russian mosaic of winter wheat as described in the U.S.S.R. differ from OSDV and WSV among other points by the production of typical inclusions and by the fact that they can easily be induced to crystallize.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat striate virus contributed to severe cereal crop damage.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat striate virus”
e0“wheat striate virus (WSV) also played a part”
e1“grave damage to cereal crops in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands during 1954–56”
Claim · model-written summary
WSV and OSDV produced characteristically different effects on host plants.
Verbatim
e0“characteristic differences between the effect of WSV on the host plants and that of OSDV”
e1“damage to cereal crops in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands”
Claim · model-written summary
The leafhopper Calligypona pellucida spreads WSV.
Verbatim
e0“WSV is specifically spread by the leafhopperCalligypona pellucida Fabr.”
e1“damage to cereal crops in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands”
Claim · model-written summary
Vector testing distinguished four groups by pathogenic effects on cereal crops.
Verbatim
e0“four groups of insects were distinguished according to their pathogenic effects on cereal crops: 1. nonpathogenic, 2. producing OSDV symptoms, 3. producing WSV symptoms, 4. producing for the most part OSDV symptoms, but occasionally WSV or symptoms characteristic for both viruses simultaneously.”
Claim · model-written summary
WSV persisted in its vector and was transmitted by larvae and adult vectors of both sexes.
Verbatim
e0“WSV is persistent in its vector and is transferred byC. pellucida larvae at different stages of development and by imagos of both sexes.”
e1“damage to cereal crops in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands”
Claim · model-written summary
WSV was transmitted less regularly than OSDV.
Verbatim
e0“WSV tends to be transferred less regularly than OSDV.”
e1“damage to cereal crops in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual leafhoppers varied considerably in their efficiency of carrying WSV.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable differences in efficiency of carrying WSV are to be found between individual leafhoppers”
e1“damage to cereal crops in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands”
Claim · model-written summary
Less efficient WSV vector races prevailed in field populations.
Verbatim
e0“Among field populations in this country less efficient races prevail.”
e1“carrying WSV are to be found”
e2“damage to cereal crops in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands”
Claim · model-written summary
WSV transmission required the vector to remain on the host at least nine hours.
Verbatim
e0“For the transmission of WSV to be effected it was necessary for the vector to remain on the host for at least nine hours”
e1“damage to cereal crops in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical inoculation of extracts from diseased wheat leaves or infective leafhoppers failed to infect plants.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- inoculated mechanically (by rubbing, injection)e0
- Interactor
- striate diseasee0pathogen
- Outcome
- infectione0
- Direction
- failed to causee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extracts of crushed leaves of wheat plants suffering from the striate disease and from infective leafhoppers failed to cause infection when inoculated mechanically (by rubbing, injection) into plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil transmission attempts gave negative results.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- through the soile0
- Outcome
- transmissione0
- Direction
- negative resultse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Attempts to achieve transmission through the soil or by dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) gave negative results.”
e1“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Transmission attempts by dodder gave negative results.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- by dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.)e0
- Interactor
- Cuscuta campestris Yunck.
Cuscuta campestrise0parasite - Outcome
- transmissione0
- Direction
- negative resultse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Attempts to achieve transmission through the soil or by dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) gave negative results.”
e1“wheat plants”
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