Paper · 1957 · Japanese Journal of Crop Science

Studies on the Morphological Characters and Growth Habits of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)

Goro NISHIKAWA; Tozaburo MIKAMI; Shotaro KURODA

9
claims
18
verbatim quotes
1
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

The principal results obtained were as follows. 1. There are varietal differences in the developing type of the plant, in the spine number on the bract and in the number of bract. 2. The flowers bloom out in order from the top of a main stem to its lower branches. 3. The flowers begin to bloom at 4 a. m., and at 6 a. m. the stigmas are already covered with pollens. 4. Generally, yellow flowered varieties contain larger amounts of oil than those in red flowered varieties. 5. The oil content in the seed correlated decidedly to the hull percentage of it (r =ca. 0.8) 6. Fertilization is remarkably restricted by rain fall. The fact may be related with protandry. 7. For the growth of the plant, autumn sowing is better than spring one, and direct planting is better than transplanting.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 9

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Safflower varieties differ in the developing type of the plant, the spine number on the bract and the number of bracts.

Taxon
Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriust0
Organ / stage
bracte1
Outcome
the developing type of the plant, in the spine number on the bract and in the number of bracte1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–97 · show in text ↑
e1

“There are varietal differences in the developing type of the plant, in the spine number on the bract and in the number of bract”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 51–178 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Safflower flowers bloom out in order from the top of the main stem to its lower branches.

Taxon
Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriust0
Organ / stage
flowerse2
Outcome
bloom out in ordere2
Qualifier
from the top of a main stem to its lower branchese2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–97 · show in text ↑
e2

“The flowers bloom out in order from the top of a main stem to its lower branches”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 183–263 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Safflower flowers begin to bloom at 4 a.m.

Taxon
Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriust0
Organ / stage
flowerse3
Outcome
begin to bloome3
Value
4 a. m.e3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–97 · show in text ↑
e3

“The flowers begin to bloom at 4 a. m.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 268–305 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Safflower stigmas are already covered with pollen at 6 a.m.

Taxon
Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriust0
Organ / stage
stigmase4
Outcome
stigmas are already covered with pollense4
Value
6 a. m.e4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–97 · show in text ↑
e4

“at 6 a. m. the stigmas are already covered with pollens”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 311–366 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yellow-flowered safflower varieties contain larger amounts of oil than red-flowered varieties.

Taxon
Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriust0
Material
yellow flowered varietiese5
Outcome
amounts of oile5
Direction
largere5
Comparator
red flowered varietiese5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–97 · show in text ↑
e5

“Generally, yellow flowered varieties contain larger amounts of oil than those in red flowered varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 371–474 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Oil content in the seed is correlated with the hull percentage (r about 0.8).

Taxon
Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriust0
Organ / stage
seede6
Outcome
oil content in the seede6
Value
r =ca. 0.8e6
Qualifier
correlated decidedly to the hull percentage of ite6

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–97 · show in text ↑
e6

“The oil content in the seed correlated decidedly to the hull percentage of it (r =ca. 0.8)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 479–569 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fertilization in safflower is remarkably restricted by rainfall.

Taxon
Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment
rain falle7
Outcome
Fertilizatione7
Direction
restrictede7

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–97 · show in text ↑
e7

“Fertilization is remarkably restricted by rain fall”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 573–624 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Autumn sowing gives better growth of the plant than spring sowing in safflower.

Taxon
Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment
autumn sowinge0
Outcome
growth of the plante0
Direction
bettere0
Comparator
spring onee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–97 · show in text ↑
e0

“For the growth of the plant, autumn sowing is better than spring one, and direct planting is better than transplanting”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 669–787 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Direct planting gives better growth of the plant than transplanting in safflower.

Taxon
Carthamus tinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment
direct plantinge0
Outcome
growth of the plante0
Direction
bettere0
Comparator
transplantinge0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–97 · show in text ↑
e0

“For the growth of the plant, autumn sowing is better than spring one, and direct planting is better than transplanting”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 669–787 · show in text ↑

sowing time · growth · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Positive and negative results

3 papers: 2 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.