Abstract
A possibility of paddy rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation with reflective mulching materials as a tool of low input and high-yielding culture was examined. The albedo increased and water temperature in the daytime decreased by mulching of white styrofoam board or reflective film over the interrow space. Leaf area indexes in the mulching plots decreased as compared to the control plot due to the decline in leaf weight ratio and the increase in specific leaf weight. By mulching, the dry matter production at early growth stage increased in a year 1999 under relatively low sunshine but it tended to decrease in another year 2000 under intense sunshine, high temperature and low humidity. Furthermore, dry matter production in the latter half of growth tended to increase in both years, and the percentage of ripened grains elevated as well as the number of ripened grains. In both years, the grain yield increased about 10% and the damage due to grass leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) reduced, by mulching.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased albedo.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- mulchinge0
- Outcome
- albedoe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The albedo increased and water temperature in the daytime decreased by mulching of white styrofoam board or reflective film over the interrow space.”
t0“Rice Cultivation”
e1“The albedo increased and water temperature in the daytime decreased by mulching of white styrofoam board or reflective film over the interrow space.”
e2“By mulching, the dry matter production at early growth stage increased in a year 1999 under relatively low sunshine”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching lowered daytime water temperature.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- mulchinge0
- Outcome
- water temperature in the daytimee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The albedo increased and water temperature in the daytime decreased by mulching of white styrofoam board or reflective film over the interrow space.”
t0“Rice Cultivation”
e1“The albedo increased and water temperature in the daytime decreased by mulching of white styrofoam board or reflective film over the interrow space.”
e2“By mulching, the dry matter production at early growth stage increased in a year 1999 under relatively low sunshine”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching reduced leaf area index relative to control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- mulchinge0
- Outcome
- Leaf area indexese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf area indexes in the mulching plots decreased as compared to the control plot due to the decline in leaf weight ratio and the increase in specific leaf weight.”
t0“Rice Cultivation”
e1“The albedo increased and water temperature in the daytime decreased by mulching of white styrofoam board or reflective film over the interrow space.”
e2“By mulching, the dry matter production at early growth stage increased in a year 1999 under relatively low sunshine”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching reduced leaf weight ratio.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- mulchinge0
- Outcome
- leaf weight ratioe0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf area indexes in the mulching plots decreased as compared to the control plot due to the decline in leaf weight ratio and the increase in specific leaf weight.”
t0“Rice Cultivation”
e1“The albedo increased and water temperature in the daytime decreased by mulching of white styrofoam board or reflective film over the interrow space.”
e2“By mulching, the dry matter production at early growth stage increased in a year 1999 under relatively low sunshine”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased specific leaf weight.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- mulchinge0
- Outcome
- specific leaf weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf area indexes in the mulching plots decreased as compared to the control plot due to the decline in leaf weight ratio and the increase in specific leaf weight.”
t0“Rice Cultivation”
e1“The albedo increased and water temperature in the daytime decreased by mulching of white styrofoam board or reflective film over the interrow space.”
e2“By mulching, the dry matter production at early growth stage increased in a year 1999 under relatively low sunshine”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased early dry matter production in low sunshine in 1999.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- mulchinge0
- Outcome
- dry matter production at early growth stagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By mulching, the dry matter production at early growth stage increased in a year 1999 under relatively low sunshine”
t0“Rice Cultivation”
e1“The albedo increased and water temperature in the daytime decreased by mulching of white styrofoam board or reflective film over the interrow space.”
e2“By mulching, the dry matter production at early growth stage increased in a year 1999 under relatively low sunshine”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching tended to decrease early dry matter production in intense sunshine in 2000.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- mulchinge1
- Outcome
- dry matter productione2
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it tended to decrease in another year 2000 under intense sunshine, high temperature and low humidity”
t0“Rice Cultivation”
e1“The albedo increased and water temperature in the daytime decreased by mulching of white styrofoam board or reflective film over the interrow space.”
e2“By mulching, the dry matter production at early growth stage increased in a year 1999 under relatively low sunshine”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching tended to increase late dry matter production in both years.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- mulchinge1
- Outcome
- dry matter production in the latter half of growthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter production in the latter half of growth tended to increase in both years”
t0“Rice Cultivation”
e1“The albedo increased and water temperature in the daytime decreased by mulching of white styrofoam board or reflective film over the interrow space.”
e2“By mulching, the dry matter production at early growth stage increased in a year 1999 under relatively low sunshine”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased percentage of ripened grains.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- mulchinge1
- Outcome
- percentage of ripened grainse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the percentage of ripened grains elevated as well as the number of ripened grains”
t0“Rice Cultivation”
e1“The albedo increased and water temperature in the daytime decreased by mulching of white styrofoam board or reflective film over the interrow space.”
e2“By mulching, the dry matter production at early growth stage increased in a year 1999 under relatively low sunshine”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased number of ripened grains.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- mulchinge1
- Outcome
- number of ripened grainse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the percentage of ripened grains elevated as well as the number of ripened grains”
t0“Rice Cultivation”
e1“The albedo increased and water temperature in the daytime decreased by mulching of white styrofoam board or reflective film over the interrow space.”
e2“By mulching, the dry matter production at early growth stage increased in a year 1999 under relatively low sunshine”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased grain yield about 10%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the grain yield increased about 10% and the damage due to grass leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) reduced, by mulching.”
t0“Rice Cultivation”
e1“The albedo increased and water temperature in the daytime decreased by mulching of white styrofoam board or reflective film over the interrow space.”
e2“By mulching, the dry matter production at early growth stage increased in a year 1999 under relatively low sunshine”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching reduced damage from grass leaf roller.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- mulchinge0
- Interactor
- grass leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)
Cnaphalocrocis medinalise0pest - Outcome
- damage due to grass leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the grain yield increased about 10% and the damage due to grass leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) reduced, by mulching.”
t0“Rice Cultivation”
e1“The albedo increased and water temperature in the daytime decreased by mulching of white styrofoam board or reflective film over the interrow space.”
e2“By mulching, the dry matter production at early growth stage increased in a year 1999 under relatively low sunshine”
The same questions in other papers
mulching · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
105 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
122 papers more in this group
See all 126 papers →mulching · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
42 papers more in this group
See all 46 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.