Abstract
Cassava brown leaf spot surveys were conducted in the main cassava plantation areas of China between 2007 and 2012 in order to understand the distribution of the disease. Cassava plants were damaged by the disease to different degrees in most of the survey sites. Samples were collected and seven strains were isolated from lesions. The mycelium-breaking plus black light induction method was applied for sporulation. Microconidia were formed by means of fragmentation on artificial medium plates. When the leaf was stabbed and inoculated with conidia solution, similar symptoms were formed 14 days later. Morphological characteristics of the specimens and conidia were similar to descriptions of Passalora henningsii infection. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA were obtained with primer pair ITS1/ITS4 and deposited in GenBank, which differed by three base pairs from that of the P. henningsii isolate (AF284389). The ITS sequences of related species were downloaded from the NCBI database, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequences originating from our strains clustered in the same clade as the AF284389 isolate. Biological characteristics were evaluated in two strains from different sites, which indicated that the optimum conditions for mycelia growth were a temperature of 26° to 28°C, carrot agar medium, pH 6, and continuous dark; cassava leaf juice added to malt extract and cassava leaf juice added to potato dextrose agar were the best media for conidia production. The optimal and lethal temperatures for macroconidia germination were 26° to 28°C, and 60°C for 10 min, respectively.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava plants were damaged by brown leaf spot to different degrees in most survey sites in China.
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentat0 - Outcome
- damaged by the disease to different degreese1
- Setting
- Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cassava brown leaf spot in China”
e1“Cassava plants were damaged by the disease to different degrees in most of the survey sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven strains were isolated from cassava leaf lesions.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- seven strains were isolated from lesionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cassava brown leaf spot in China”
e1“seven strains were isolated from lesions”
Claim · model-written summary
Microconidia of the isolates formed by fragmentation on artificial medium plates.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“cassava brown leaf spot in China”
e1“Microconidia were formed by means of fragmentation on artificial medium plates”
Claim · model-written summary
Stab inoculation of cassava leaves with conidia solution produced similar symptoms 14 days later.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- stabbed and inoculated with conidia solutione1
- Outcome
- similar symptoms were formede1
- Qualifier
- 14 days latere1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cassava brown leaf spot in China”
e1“When the leaf was stabbed and inoculated with conidia solution, similar symptoms were formed 14 days later”
Claim · model-written summary
Morphological characteristics of the specimens and conidia were similar to descriptions of Passalora henningsii infection.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Interactor
- Passalora henningsiiClarohilum henningsiie1pathogen
- Outcome
- Morphological characteristics of the specimens and conidia were similare1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cassava brown leaf spot in China”
e1“Morphological characteristics of the specimens and conidia were similar to descriptions of Passalora henningsii infection”
Claim · model-written summary
The ITS rDNA regions of the isolates differed by three base pairs from that of the P. henningsii isolate AF284389.
- Interactor
- P. henningsiiClarohilum henningsiie1pathogen
- Outcome
- internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNAe1
- Value
- three base pairse1
- Comparator
- P. henningsii isolate (AF284389)e1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“cassava brown leaf spot in China”
e1“The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA were obtained with primer pair ITS1/ITS4 and deposited in GenBank, which differed by three base pairs from that of the P. henningsii isolate (AF284389)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phylogenetic analysis placed the ITS sequences of the isolates in the same clade as the AF284389 isolate.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“cassava brown leaf spot in China”
e1“phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequences originating from our strains clustered in the same clade as the AF284389 isolate”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of the isolates was 26° to 28°C.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“cassava brown leaf spot in China”
e1“the optimum conditions for mycelia growth were a temperature of 26° to 28°C, carrot agar medium, pH 6, and continuous dark”
Claim · model-written summary
Carrot agar medium was the optimum medium for mycelial growth of the isolates.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“cassava brown leaf spot in China”
e1“the optimum conditions for mycelia growth were a temperature of 26° to 28°C, carrot agar medium, pH 6, and continuous dark”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum pH for mycelial growth of the isolates was 6.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“cassava brown leaf spot in China”
e1“the optimum conditions for mycelia growth were a temperature of 26° to 28°C, carrot agar medium, pH 6, and continuous dark”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous dark was the optimum light condition for mycelial growth of the isolates.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“cassava brown leaf spot in China”
e1“the optimum conditions for mycelia growth were a temperature of 26° to 28°C, carrot agar medium, pH 6, and continuous dark”
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava leaf juice added to malt extract and cassava leaf juice added to potato dextrose agar were the best media for conidia production.
- Outcome
- best media for conidia productione1
- Qualifier
- cassava leaf juice added to malt extract and cassava leaf juice added to potato dextrose agare1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“cassava brown leaf spot in China”
e1“cassava leaf juice added to malt extract and cassava leaf juice added to potato dextrose agar were the best media for conidia production”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal temperature for macroconidia germination was 26° to 28°C.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“cassava brown leaf spot in China”
e1“The optimal and lethal temperatures for macroconidia germination were 26° to 28°C, and 60°C for 10 min, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The lethal temperature for macroconidia germination was 60°C for 10 min.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“cassava brown leaf spot in China”
e1“The optimal and lethal temperatures for macroconidia germination were 26° to 28°C, and 60°C for 10 min, respectively”