Abstract
Summary An integrated thinning operation was carried out in 21-year-old radiata pine stands in the central tablelands of New South Wales to examine the effect of previous land use and associated problems of poor tree form on recovery of merchantable timber. The areas thinned were contiguous sections of plantation which had different types of land use prior to plantation establishment; native forest, cleared grazing land (pasture) and cleared land initially grazed and subsequently cultivated and cropped (cultivated pasture). Total volumes of harvested trees (to 8 cm small end diameter) were estimated (assuming no poor tree form) from regressions relating volume to stem diameter. This estimate was compared with the actual volume of saw logs and pulp wood recovered on site and with merchantable yields predicted using a locally derived Forestry Commission equation. On-site yields of saw logs plus pulp wood were 143 m3 ha−1 from the ex-native forest site, 191 m3 ha−1 from the ex-cultivated pasture site and 210 m3 ha−1 from the ex-pasture site. This represented a total recovery of more than 90% of the total stem volume to 8 cm small end diameter from ex-native forest and ex-pasture trees compared with 73% from the ex-cultivated pasture trees. Of the trees harvested, 45% from the ex-native forest site had stem defects compared with 65% from the ex-pasture site and 88% from the ex-cultivated pasture site. These defects reduced the average saw log volume per tree by at least 50% in trees greater than 35 cm DBHOB. In contrast, the yield of pulpwood was similar for deformed and non-deformed trees because some logs which did not meet saw log specifications were down-graded to pulp logs. Keywords: stem deformationyieldpoor tree formmultiple leadersstem distortionmalformationvolumethinning
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Pine timber yield was 143 m3 ha−1 at the ex-native forest site site.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiata
Pinus radiatat0 - Outcome
- On-site yields of saw logs plus pulp woode0
- Value
- 143 m3 ha−1e0
- Setting
- ex-native forest sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On-site yields of saw logs plus pulp wood were 143 m3 ha−1 from the ex-native forest site, 191 m3 ha−1 from the ex-cultivated pasture site and 210 m3 ha−1 from the ex-pasture site”
t0“Pinus radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Pine timber yield was 191 m3 ha−1 at the ex-cultivated pasture site site.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiataPinus radiatat0
- Outcome
- On-site yields of saw logs plus pulp woode0
- Value
- 191 m3 ha−1e0
- Setting
- ex-cultivated pasture sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On-site yields of saw logs plus pulp wood were 143 m3 ha−1 from the ex-native forest site, 191 m3 ha−1 from the ex-cultivated pasture site and 210 m3 ha−1 from the ex-pasture site”
t0“Pinus radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Pine timber yield was 210 m3 ha−1 at the ex-pasture site site.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiataPinus radiatat0
- Outcome
- On-site yields of saw logs plus pulp woode0
- Value
- 210 m3 ha−1e0
- Setting
- ex-pasture sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On-site yields of saw logs plus pulp wood were 143 m3 ha−1 from the ex-native forest site, 191 m3 ha−1 from the ex-cultivated pasture site and 210 m3 ha−1 from the ex-pasture site”
t0“Pinus radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Timber recovery exceeded 90% at ex-native forest and ex-pasture sites versus 73% at the ex-cultivated pasture site.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiataPinus radiatat0
- Outcome
- total stem volumee0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Value
- more than 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 73%e0
- Comparator
- ex-cultivated pasture treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more than 90% of the total stem volume to 8 cm small end diameter from ex-native forest and ex-pasture trees compared with 73% from the ex-cultivated pasture trees”
t0“Pinus radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem defects occurred in 45% of trees at the ex-native forest site site.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiataPinus radiatat0
- Outcome
- stem defectse0
- Value
- 45%e0
- Setting
- ex-native forest sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“45% from the ex-native forest site had stem defects compared with 65% from the ex-pasture site and 88% from the ex-cultivated pasture site”
t0“Pinus radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem defects occurred in 65% of trees at the ex-pasture site site.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiataPinus radiatat0
- Outcome
- stem defectse0
- Value
- 65%e0
- Setting
- ex-pasture sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“45% from the ex-native forest site had stem defects compared with 65% from the ex-pasture site and 88% from the ex-cultivated pasture site”
t0“Pinus radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem defects occurred in 88% of trees at the ex-cultivated pasture site site.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiataPinus radiatat0
- Outcome
- stem defectse0
- Value
- 88%e0
- Setting
- ex-cultivated pasture sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“45% from the ex-native forest site had stem defects compared with 65% from the ex-pasture site and 88% from the ex-cultivated pasture site”
t0“Pinus radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem defects reduced saw log volume per tree by at least 50% for trees over 35 cm DBHOB.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiataPinus radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- treese0
- Outcome
- average saw log volume per treee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- at least 50%e0
- Qualifier
- greater than 35 cm DBHOBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These defects reduced the average saw log volume per tree by at least 50% in trees greater than 35 cm DBHOB”
t0“Pinus radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Pulpwood yield was similar for deformed and non-deformed trees.
- Taxon
- Pinus radiataPinus radiatat0
- Outcome
- yield of pulpwoode0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- non-deformed treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of pulpwood was similar for deformed and non-deformed trees”
t0“Pinus radiata”