Abstract
This work is a study on light-sensitivity of germination investigated by using the seeds of six species of Japanese-grown tobacco which are Yellow, Daruma, Oo-Daruma, Suifu, Hatano and Kokubu. In this study, the following subjects were investigated.(1) How the degrees of light-sensitivity vary as the time of presoaking* proceeds. *-the time during which petri dishes containing seeds are laid in a dark incubator as described below.(2) How much light is required for obtaining the highest percentage of germination. (Light quantity will be expressed as meter-candle-second (MKS) Unit).Seeds were disseminated over the surface of agar (1.5% aqueous solution) in petri dishes. Immediately after that, these petri dishes were wrapped in thick black papers, then they were put into a dark incubator. Each petri dish was taken out from the incubator after a definit time (a respective different time was given for each dish), stripped off . its black covering paper and was exposed to a definit quantity of light. (A 200-watt Toki bulb was used as a source of light.) Then it was again wrapped in the same black paper and put back to the incubator. On the 8th day after exposing each petri dish was opened and germination percentage was counted. Thus the follwing results were obtained.1. Without regard to light quantity, light sensitivity showed a pronounced maximum when the times of presoaking reached certain hours, viz., 36hrs. for Yellow and Daruma, 48hrs. for Oo-Daruma and Suifu, and 72hrs. for Kokubu, and Hatano at 22°C each.2. In case seeds were exposed to a small quantity of light, after each presoaking hours are passed, the light sensitivity is decreasing for sometime. This decrease cannot be seen in seeds which were exposed to a large quantity of light.3. As to the light quantity required for the maximum percentage of germination of Hatano, Suifu, Daruma and Oo-Daruma seeds, the shorter the time of presoaking is, the more light quantity is required, in case the time of presoaking is less than 24hrs. However, when the time of presoaking exceeds 36hrs., the maximum percentages can be obtained by 2, 400, 000 M.K.S. and a greater quantity is not needed.4. The seeds of “Yellow” are extraordinary sensitive to light. They proved that benefical effect of light was largely depending upon the length of presoaking hours rather than upon the light quantity.The seeds of “Yellow” required only 100 M.K.S. for obtaining the maximum percentage of germination whenever the presoaking hours exceed 48hrs.. Besides, the author secured 79% germination after 48hrs. of presoaking by exposing them to light for a very few moment, (1, 500Lux, one-ninetieth second, 16.5 M.K.S.) whereas only very few of the seeds germinated in the darkness without such exposure.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
In Yellow and Daruma tobacco, light sensitivity peaked at 36 hours of presoaking, regardless of light quantity.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Material
- Yellow and Darumae1
- Treatment
- times of presoakinge1
- Outcome
- light sensitivitye1
- Direction
- pronounced maximume1
- Value
- 36hrs.e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six species of Japanese-grown tobacco”
e1“Without regard to light quantity, light sensitivity showed a pronounced maximum when the times of presoaking reached certain hours, viz., 36hrs. for Yellow and Daruma, 48hrs. for Oo-Daruma and Suifu, and 72hrs. for Kokubu, and Hatano at 22°C each”
Claim · model-written summary
In Oo-Daruma and Suifu tobacco, light sensitivity peaked at 48 hours of presoaking, regardless of light quantity.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Material
- Oo-Daruma and Suifue1
- Treatment
- times of presoakinge1
- Outcome
- light sensitivitye1
- Direction
- pronounced maximume1
- Value
- 48hrs.e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six species of Japanese-grown tobacco”
e1“Without regard to light quantity, light sensitivity showed a pronounced maximum when the times of presoaking reached certain hours, viz., 36hrs. for Yellow and Daruma, 48hrs. for Oo-Daruma and Suifu, and 72hrs. for Kokubu, and Hatano at 22°C each”
Claim · model-written summary
In Kokubu and Hatano tobacco, light sensitivity peaked at 72 hours of presoaking, regardless of light quantity.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Material
- Kokubu, and Hatanoe1
- Treatment
- times of presoakinge1
- Outcome
- light sensitivitye1
- Direction
- pronounced maximume1
- Value
- 72hrs.e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six species of Japanese-grown tobacco”
e1“Without regard to light quantity, light sensitivity showed a pronounced maximum when the times of presoaking reached certain hours, viz., 36hrs. for Yellow and Daruma, 48hrs. for Oo-Daruma and Suifu, and 72hrs. for Kokubu, and Hatano at 22°C each”
Claim · model-written summary
Light sensitivity decreased after presoaking under a small light quantity, and this decrease was not seen under a large light quantity.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- small quantity of lighte2
- Outcome
- light sensitivitye2
- Direction
- decreasinge2
- Qualifier
- for sometimee2
- Comparator
- large quantity of lighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six species of Japanese-grown tobacco”
e2“In case seeds were exposed to a small quantity of light, after each presoaking hours are passed, the light sensitivity is decreasing for sometime. This decrease cannot be seen in seeds which were exposed to a large quantity of light”
Claim · model-written summary
For Hatano, Suifu, Daruma and Oo-Daruma seeds, a shorter presoaking time required more light for maximum germination when presoaking was under 24 hours.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Material
- Hatano, Suifu, Daruma and Oo-Darumae3
- Treatment
- time of presoakinge3
- Outcome
- light quantity requirede3
- Direction
- moree3
- Qualifier
- in case the time of presoaking is less than 24hrse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six species of Japanese-grown tobacco”
e3“As to the light quantity required for the maximum percentage of germination of Hatano, Suifu, Daruma and Oo-Daruma seeds, the shorter the time of presoaking is, the more light quantity is required, in case the time of presoaking is less than 24hrs”
Claim · model-written summary
Beyond 36 hours of presoaking, maximum germination percentages were obtained with 2, 400, 000 M.K.S. and no greater light quantity was needed.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- maximum percentagese4
- Value
- 2, 400, 000 M.K.S.e4
- Qualifier
- when the time of presoaking exceeds 36hrs.e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six species of Japanese-grown tobacco”
e4“when the time of presoaking exceeds 36hrs., the maximum percentages can be obtained by 2, 400, 000 M.K.S.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow seeds needed only 100 M.K.S. for maximum germination when presoaking exceeded 48 hours.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Material
- Yellowe1
- Outcome
- maximum percentage of germinatione5
- Value
- 100 M.K.S.e5
- Qualifier
- whenever the presoaking hours exceed 48hrse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six species of Japanese-grown tobacco”
e1“Without regard to light quantity, light sensitivity showed a pronounced maximum when the times of presoaking reached certain hours, viz., 36hrs. for Yellow and Daruma, 48hrs. for Oo-Daruma and Suifu, and 72hrs. for Kokubu, and Hatano at 22°C each”
e5“required only 100 M.K.S. for obtaining the maximum percentage of germination whenever the presoaking hours exceed 48hrs”
Claim · model-written summary
After 48 hours of presoaking and a very brief light exposure, 79% of seeds germinated, whereas very few germinated in darkness without exposure.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- exposing them to light for a very few momente6
- Outcome
- germinatione6
- Value
- 79%e6
- Comparator
- the darkness without such exposuree6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six species of Japanese-grown tobacco”
e6“the author secured 79% germination after 48hrs. of presoaking by exposing them to light for a very few moment, (1, 500Lux, one-ninetieth second, 16.5 M.K.S.) whereas only very few of the seeds germinated in the darkness without such exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
The beneficial effect of light depended largely on presoaking hours rather than on light quantity.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- length of presoaking hourse7
- Outcome
- benefical effect of lighte7
- Comparator
- light quantitye7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six species of Japanese-grown tobacco”
e7“They proved that benefical effect of light was largely depending upon the length of presoaking hours rather than upon the light quantity”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow seeds were extraordinarily sensitive to light.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Material
- Yellowe1
- Outcome
- extraordinary sensitive to lighte7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six species of Japanese-grown tobacco”
e1“Without regard to light quantity, light sensitivity showed a pronounced maximum when the times of presoaking reached certain hours, viz., 36hrs. for Yellow and Daruma, 48hrs. for Oo-Daruma and Suifu, and 72hrs. for Kokubu, and Hatano at 22°C each”
e7“are extraordinary sensitive to light”