Abstract
Climate characteristics play an essential role in the crop evapotranspiration and therefore affect irrigation. Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is a climatic parameter that can be computed from weather data and used to a reliable variable for assessing long-term trends of the atmospheric evaporative demand. The study aims to evaluate the effects of the climate change on ET0 and citrus and tomato irrigation scheduling parameters (irrigation depth, length of the irrigation season and number of irrigation) in Calabria, a Region of South Italy. The study covered 89 years (1925-2013) and 9 of the most relevant irrigated areas in the Region. The software CROPWAT was used to estimate the irrigation scheduling parameters. The time series were analyzed at yearly and seasonal scale using standard trend analysis tests (Mann-Kendall and linear trend test). The results showed a slight decreasing trend for maximum temperature and both increasing and decreasing trends for minimum temperature. Due to the asymmetric behavior of temperatures, impact on ET0 resulted in a decreasing tendency (-5.51 mm.decade-1). There was a slight decrease in the seasonal irrigation depth for both citrus and tomato. The average annual magnitude of decreases throughout Calabria were 2.40 and 5.51 mm.decade-1 for citrus and tomato, respectively, corresponding to -7% and -11% of the mean irrigation depth of the period considered. This trend depended on both the decreased ET0 and precipitation trend: precipitation decreased at yearly scale, but increased in summer, the season when irrigation requirements are higher in the environment considered. The positive trend in summer precipitation also caused an advance of the last watering, resulting in a slight decrease of the length of the irrigation season. The results, on the whole, showed the importance of studies at regional scale considering the detection of trends even opposite with respect to those founded in studies on other areas in the same Mediterranean region. The elaboration of more local studies is useful in order to deepen knowledge on the problematic of each zone and to plan concrete actions.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Reference evapotranspiration tended to decrease by -5.51 mm.decade-1.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“impact on ET0 resulted in a decreasing tendency (-5.51 mm.decade-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal irrigation depth for citrus decreased by 2.40 mm.decade-1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a slight decrease in the seasonal irrigation depth for both citrus and tomato. The average annual magnitude of decreases throughout Calabria were 2.40 and 5.51 mm.decade-1 for citrus and tomato, respectively, corresponding to -7% and -11% of the mean irrigation depth of the period considered”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal irrigation depth for tomato decreased by 5.51 mm.decade-1.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Outcome
- seasonal irrigation depthe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 5.51 mm.decade-1e0
- Setting
- Calabriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a slight decrease in the seasonal irrigation depth for both citrus and tomato. The average annual magnitude of decreases throughout Calabria were 2.40 and 5.51 mm.decade-1 for citrus and tomato, respectively, corresponding to -7% and -11% of the mean irrigation depth of the period considered”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrus irrigation depth declined by -7% of the period mean.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corresponding to -7% and -11% of the mean irrigation depth of the period considered”
e1“for citrus and tomato, respectively”
e2“There was a slight decrease in the seasonal irrigation depth for both citrus and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato irrigation depth declined by -11% of the period mean.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- mean irrigation depthe0
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Value
- -11%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corresponding to -7% and -11% of the mean irrigation depth of the period considered”
e1“for citrus and tomato, respectively”
e2“There was a slight decrease in the seasonal irrigation depth for both citrus and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual precipitation decreased while summer precipitation increased.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“precipitation decreased at yearly scale, but increased in summer”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer precipitation advanced the last watering date and shortened the irrigation season.
- Taxon
- citrus and tomato
CitrusSolanum lycopersicume1 - Outcome
- length of the irrigation seasone0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- summer precipitatione0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The positive trend in summer precipitation also caused an advance of the last watering, resulting in a slight decrease of the length of the irrigation season”
e1“citrus and tomato irrigation scheduling parameters”