Abstract
Cytokinin (CK) is a vital plant hormone that controls many aspects of growth and development in plants. Nitrogen (N) is the indispensable macronutrient needed in plants and also one of the most important limiting factors for plant growth. This study was designed to investigate the simultaneous effects of CK and N on the visual turf quality and antioxidant metabolism of drought-stressed creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). 'PennA-4' creeping bentgrass treated with trans-zeatin riboside at three rates of CK concentrations of 0, 10 and 100 μM (designated by CK0, 10, and 100) and two nitrogen rates with 2.5 and 7.5 kg N·ha-1 every 15 days (designated by low and high N) in a complete factorial arrangement was grown under two soil moisture regimes: well-watered and drought stress. Exogenous CK improved turf quality and delayed leaf wilting under drought stress, especially under high N. The grasses treated with CK10 and CK100 had lower O2- production and H2O2 concentration than those without CK treatment. The CK100 treatment enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) by 25%, 22%, 17% and 24%, respectively, relative to CK0. Moreover, the activity changes of the antioxidant enzyme isoforms were more significant under high N condition relative to low N condition. Our results demonstrated the beneficial impacts of CK and N on physiological reactions, especially antioxidant metabolism, and foliar application of CK at 10 or 100 μM plus 7.5 kg ha-1 N biweekly may improve drought stress resistance of creeping bentgrass.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous cytokinin improved creeping bentgrass turf quality under drought, especially with high nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Creeping Bentgrass
Agrostis stoloniferat0 - Treatment
- Exogenous CKe0
- Outcome
- turf qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under drought stress, especially under high Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous CK improved turf quality and delayed leaf wilting under drought stress, especially under high N.”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous cytokinin delayed creeping bentgrass leaf wilting under drought, especially with high nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- Exogenous CKe0
- Outcome
- leaf wiltinge0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Qualifier
- under drought stress, especially under high Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous CK improved turf quality and delayed leaf wilting under drought stress, especially under high N.”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
CK10 and CK100 lowered O2- production relative to no cytokinin.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- CK10 and CK100e0
- Outcome
- O2- productione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- without CK treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grasses treated with CK10 and CK100 had lower O2- production and H2O2 concentration than those without CK treatment.”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
CK10 and CK100 lowered H2O2 concentration relative to no cytokinin.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- CK10 and CK100e0
- Outcome
- H2O2 concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- without CK treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grasses treated with CK10 and CK100 had lower O2- production and H2O2 concentration than those without CK treatment.”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
CK100 enhanced superoxide dismutase activity by 25% relative to CK0.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- CK100e0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- CK0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CK100 treatment enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) by 25%, 22%, 17% and 24%, respectively, relative to CK0.”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
CK100 enhanced ascorbate peroxidase activity by 22% relative to CK0.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- CK100e0
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 22%e0
- Comparator
- CK0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CK100 treatment enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) by 25%, 22%, 17% and 24%, respectively, relative to CK0.”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
CK100 enhanced catalase activity by 17% relative to CK0.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- CK100e0
- Gene
- catalasee0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 17%e0
- Comparator
- CK0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CK100 treatment enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) by 25%, 22%, 17% and 24%, respectively, relative to CK0.”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
CK100 enhanced guaiacol peroxidase activity by 24% relative to CK0.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- CK100e0
- Gene
- guaiacol peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- guaiacol peroxidase (POD)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Comparator
- CK0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CK100 treatment enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) by 25%, 22%, 17% and 24%, respectively, relative to CK0.”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in antioxidant enzyme isoform activity were more significant under high nitrogen than low nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Creeping BentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- high N conditione0
- Outcome
- activity changes of the antioxidant enzyme isoformse0
- Direction
- more significante0
- Comparator
- low N conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activity changes of the antioxidant enzyme isoforms were more significant under high N condition relative to low N condition.”
t0“Creeping Bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest foliar CK at 10 or 100 μM with 7.5 kg ha-1 nitrogen biweekly to improve creeping bentgrass drought resistance.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Treatment
- foliar application of CK at 10 or 100 μM plus 7.5 kg ha-1 N biweeklye0
- Outcome
- foliar application of CK at 10 or 100 μM plus 7.5 kg ha-1 N biweekly may improve drought stress resistancee0
- Direction
- improvee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of CK at 10 or 100 μM plus 7.5 kg ha-1 N biweekly may improve drought stress resistance of creeping bentgrass.”
The same questions in other papers
class · quality: general · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.