Paper · 2008 · Pakistan Journal of Botany

Effect of seed coating material in the efficacy of microbial antagonists for the control of root rot fungi on okra and sunflower

Shahnaz Dawar; Shamsul Hayat; Muhammad Anis; et al.

6
claims
13
verbatim quotes
31
citations
1
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

The biological potential of different microbial antagonists viz., Bacillus thuringiensis, Rhizobium meliloti, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma harzianum was examined by coating the seeds with gum arabic, glucose, sugar and mollases in the suppression of root rot fungi viz., Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium spp., on okra and sunflower plants. All biocontrol agents enhanced the germination and growth of plant as compared to control. Shoot length, shoot weight, root length, root weight were significantly increased in both okra and sunflower. Maximum plant height was observed where seeds of okra and sunflower were coated with T. harzianum using 2% of glucose followed by gum arabic, mollases and sugar solution. Gum arabic was found more effective in reducing infection by root rot fungi viz., M. phaseolina, R. solani and Fusarium spp. Of the different microbial antagonists used, T. harzianum was found more effective followed by B. thuringiensis, R. meliloti and A. niger in the control of root rot fungi.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 6

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

All biocontrol agents enhanced germination and growth of okra and sunflower compared with control.

Treatment
biocontrol agentse1
Outcome
germination and growthe1
Direction
enhancede1
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“on okra and sunflower plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 339–367 · show in text ↑
e1

“All biocontrol agents enhanced the germination and growth of plant as compared to control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 369–458 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Shoot length and shoot weight of okra and sunflower were significantly increased by the biocontrol agents compared with control.

Treatment
biocontrol agentse1
Outcome
Shoot length, shoot weighte2
Direction
significantly increasede2
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“on okra and sunflower plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 339–367 · show in text ↑
e1

“All biocontrol agents enhanced the germination and growth of plant as compared to control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 369–458 · show in text ↑
e2

“Shoot length, shoot weight, root length, root weight were significantly increased in both okra and sunflower”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–568 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Root length and root weight of okra and sunflower were significantly increased by the biocontrol agents compared with control.

Treatment
biocontrol agentse1
Outcome
root length, root weighte2
Direction
significantly increasede2
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“on okra and sunflower plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 339–367 · show in text ↑
e1

“All biocontrol agents enhanced the germination and growth of plant as compared to control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 369–458 · show in text ↑
e2

“Shoot length, shoot weight, root length, root weight were significantly increased in both okra and sunflower”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–568 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed coating with T. harzianum with 2% glucose gave the maximum plant height of okra and sunflower among the coating materials.

Treatment
T. harzianum using 2% of glucosee3
Interactor
T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume3biocontrol_agent
Outcome
plant heighte3
Direction
Maximume3
Comparator
gum arabic, mollases and sugar solutione3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianum · InteractorUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, [1] · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“Maximum plant height was observed where seeds of okra and sunflower were coated with T. harzianum using 2% of glucose followed by gum arabic, mollases and sugar solution”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 570–739 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Gum arabic seed coating was more effective than the other coating materials in reducing infection by root rot fungi on okra and sunflower.

Treatment
Gum arabice4
Interactor
root rot fungie4pathogen
Outcome
infectione4
Direction
reducinge4
Qualifier
M. phaseolina, R. solani and Fusarium sppe4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“on okra and sunflower plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 339–367 · show in text ↑
e4

“Gum arabic was found more effective in reducing infection by root rot fungi viz., M. phaseolina, R. solani and Fusarium spp”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 741–864 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T. harzianum was the most effective microbial antagonist for controlling root rot fungi, followed by B. thuringiensis, R. meliloti and A. niger.

Treatment
T. harzianume5
Interactor
root rot fungie5pathogen
Second interactor
T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume5biocontrol_agent
Outcome
control of root rot fungie5
Direction
more effectivee5
Comparator
B. thuringiensis, R. meliloti and A. nigere5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus · TaxonJon Sullivan · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus · TaxonKristine Paulus from New York, United States · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianum · Second interactorUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, [1] · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“on okra and sunflower plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 339–367 · show in text ↑
e5

“Of the different microbial antagonists used, T. harzianum was found more effective followed by B. thuringiensis, R. meliloti and A. niger in the control of root rot fungi”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 866–1036 · show in text ↑

Trichoderma harzianum · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree

4 papers: 4 positive, 0 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive
See all 4 papers →

Trichoderma harzianum · disease · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree

4 papers: 4 positive, 0 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive
See all 4 papers →

Trichoderma harzianum · disease · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree

4 papers: 4 positive, 0 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive
See all 4 papers →

Trichoderma harzianum · growth · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree

9 papers: 9 positive, 0 negative or no effect

8 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

5 papers more in this group

See all 9 papers →

biocontrol · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results

10 papers: 8 positive, 2 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. no effect

6 papers more in this group

See all 10 papers →

biocontrol · growth · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree

8 papers: 8 positive, 0 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

4 papers more in this group

See all 8 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.