Abstract
Salvia is a plant genus widely used in folk medicine in the Mediterranean area since antiquity. A large number of Salvia essential oils have been reported against diverse microorganisms. In the current study, chemical composition of essential oils from leaves and flowers of Salvia algeriensis (Desf.) was determined using gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry (GC-EIMS) as well as their antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporum exploring disk method. The GC-EIMS analysis identified 59 compounds (84.8%) in the essential oil obtained from leaves of S. algeriensis. Its major constituents were benzaldehyde (9.7%), eugenol (8.7%) and phenylethyl alcohol (8.4%). In flowers oil, 34 compounds (92.8%) were detected. The main ones were viridiflorol (71.1%) and globulol (8.6%). The essential oil obtained from leaves exhibited the highest antifungal activity, where the effective dose inhibiting 50% of mycelial fungal (ED50) against A. solani was 0.90 μL mL-1 with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) equal to 2 μL mL-1, whereas the ED50 and MIC in F. oxysporum culture was 1.84 μL mL-1 and 3 μL mL-1 respectively. The mycelial inhibition by flowers oil varies from 1.77 μL mL-1 (ED50) with A. solani culture (MIC 6.5 μL mL-1) to the lowest effect recorded (ED50 3.00 μL mL-1 and MIC 9.33 μL mL-1) against F. oxysporum. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on S. algeriensis, their leaves oil can constitute an alternative biocontrol against phytopathogenic fungi commonly controlled by chemical fungicides.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf essential oil contained 59 identified compounds representing 84.8%.
- Taxon
- S. algeriensis
Salvia algeriensise0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- 59 compoundse0
- Value
- 84.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GC-EIMS analysis identified 59 compounds (84.8%) in the essential oil obtained from leaves of S. algeriensis.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf oil contained 9.7% benzaldehyde.
- Taxon
- Salvia algeriensisSalvia algeriensist0
- Outcome
- benzaldehydee0
- Value
- 9.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Its major constituents were benzaldehyde (9.7%), eugenol (8.7%) and phenylethyl alcohol (8.4%).”
t0“Salvia algeriensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf oil contained 8.7% eugenol.
- Taxon
- Salvia algeriensisSalvia algeriensist0
- Outcome
- eugenole0
- Value
- 8.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Its major constituents were benzaldehyde (9.7%), eugenol (8.7%) and phenylethyl alcohol (8.4%).”
t0“Salvia algeriensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf oil contained 8.4% phenylethyl alcohol.
- Taxon
- Salvia algeriensisSalvia algeriensist0
- Outcome
- phenylethyl alcohole0
- Value
- 8.4%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Its major constituents were benzaldehyde (9.7%), eugenol (8.7%) and phenylethyl alcohol (8.4%).”
t0“Salvia algeriensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower oil contained 34 detected compounds representing 92.8%.
- Taxon
- Salvia algeriensisSalvia algeriensist0
- Organ / stage
- flowerse0
- Outcome
- 34 compoundse0
- Value
- 92.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In flowers oil, 34 compounds (92.8%) were detected.”
t0“Salvia algeriensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower oil contained 71.1% viridiflorol.
- Taxon
- Salvia algeriensisSalvia algeriensist0
- Outcome
- viridiflorole0
- Value
- 71.1%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main ones were viridiflorol (71.1%) and globulol (8.6%).”
t0“Salvia algeriensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower oil contained 8.6% globulol.
- Taxon
- Salvia algeriensisSalvia algeriensist0
- Outcome
- globulole0
- Value
- 8.6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main ones were viridiflorol (71.1%) and globulol (8.6%).”
t0“Salvia algeriensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf oil had the highest antifungal activity.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The essential oil obtained from leaves exhibited the highest antifungal activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf oil ED50 against A. solani was 0.90 μL mL-1.
- Taxon
- A. solani
Alternaria solanie0 - Outcome
- ED50e0
- Value
- 0.90 μL mL-1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effective dose inhibiting 50% of mycelial fungal (ED50) against A. solani was 0.90 μL mL-1 with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) equal to 2 μL mL-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf oil MIC against A. solani was 2 μL mL-1.
- Taxon
- A. solaniAlternaria solanie0
- Outcome
- minimum inhibitory concentratione0
- Value
- 2 μL mL-1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effective dose inhibiting 50% of mycelial fungal (ED50) against A. solani was 0.90 μL mL-1 with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) equal to 2 μL mL-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf oil ED50 in F. oxysporum culture was 1.84 μL mL-1.
- Taxon
- F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0 - Outcome
- ED50e0
- Value
- 1.84 μL mL-1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the ED50 and MIC in F. oxysporum culture was 1.84 μL mL-1 and 3 μL mL-1 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf oil MIC in F. oxysporum culture was 3 μL mL-1.
- Taxon
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0
- Outcome
- MICe0
- Value
- 3 μL mL-1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ED50 and MIC in F. oxysporum culture was 1.84 μL mL-1 and 3 μL mL-1 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower oil ED50 against A. solani was 1.77 μL mL-1.
- Taxon
- A. solaniAlternaria solanie0
- Outcome
- ED50e0
- Value
- 1.77 μL mL-1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mycelial inhibition by flowers oil varies from 1.77 μL mL-1 (ED50) with A. solani culture (MIC 6.5 μL mL-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower oil MIC against A. solani was 6.5 μL mL-1.
- Taxon
- A. solaniAlternaria solanie0
- Outcome
- MICe0
- Value
- 6.5 μL mL-1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mycelial inhibition by flowers oil varies from 1.77 μL mL-1 (ED50) with A. solani culture (MIC 6.5 μL mL-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower oil ED50 against F. oxysporum was 3.00 μL mL-1.
- Taxon
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0
- Outcome
- ED50e0
- Value
- 3.00 μL mL-1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest effect recorded (ED50 3.00 μL mL-1 and MIC 9.33 μL mL-1) against F. oxysporum”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower oil MIC against F. oxysporum was 9.33 μL mL-1.
- Taxon
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0
- Outcome
- MICe0
- Value
- 9.33 μL mL-1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest effect recorded (ED50 3.00 μL mL-1 and MIC 9.33 μL mL-1) against F. oxysporum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest leaf oil as alternative biocontrol against phytopathogenic fungi.
Verbatim
e0“their leaves oil can constitute an alternative biocontrol against phytopathogenic fungi commonly controlled by chemical fungicides”