Abstract
A two-year study was carried out at Mallawi Agricultural Experiments and Research Station, A.R.C., El-Minia governorate, Egypt, during 2014 and 2015 seasons to determine the compatible soybean cultivar with high maize plant density to achieve farmer's benefit under intercropping conditions. Alternating ridges (70 cm width) between maize and soybean were used as 1:3, 2:4, 2:2, 3:3 and 4:2, respectively, in addition to sole culture of both crops. Local maize cultivar T.W.C. 310 was grown in one plant per hill distanced at 30 cm under intercropping and sole cultures, meanwhile local soybean cultivars (Giza 22, Giza 82 and Giza 111) were drilled in both sides of the ridge (two plants/hill distanced at 15 cm) under intercropping and sole cultures. A split plot distribution in randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The results indicated that maize yield attributes were increased significantly by decreasing maize plant density from 67 to 25% of sole maize under intercropping conditions, meanwhile the converse was true for plant height and grain yield per ha. All the studied maize traits were not affected by soybean cultivars. Also, all the studied maize traits were not affected the interaction between intercropping patterns and soybean cultivars. Soybean yield and its attributes were increased significantly by decreasing maize plant density from 67 to 25% of sole maize under intercropping conditions except plant height. The late-maturing soybean cultivar Giza 22 recorded the highest values of intercepted light intensity within soybean canopy, number of pods per plant, seed index, seed yields per plant and per ha, meanwhile, the highest values of biological yield per ha, plant height and number of branches per plant were recorded for soybean cultivar Giza 111. Soybean cultivar Giza 22 gave the highest seed yield per plant compared to the other cultivars under all the intercropping patterns. Relative yield of soybean showed that the early-maturing soybean cultivar Giza 82 is better adapted to low light intensity than the other cultivars. Land equivalent ratio and area time equivalent ratio values for intercrops were greater than 1.00 indicating less land requirements of intercropping patterns than sole maize. Growing four maize ridges alternating with two ridges of soybean cultivar Giza 82 achieved the highest net return compared to sole maize.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Lower maize density increased maize yield attributes.
- Treatment
- decreasing maize plant density from 67 to 25% of sole maizee0
- Outcome
- maize yield attributese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 67 to 25%e0
- Comparator
- 67e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize yield attributes were increased significantly by decreasing maize plant density from 67 to 25% of sole maize under intercropping conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower maize density decreased maize plant height and grain yield per ha.
- Treatment
- decreasing maize plant density from 67 to 25% of sole maizee1
- Outcome
- plant height and grain yield per hae0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Comparator
- 67e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“meanwhile the converse was true for plant height and grain yield per ha”
e1“maize yield attributes were increased significantly by decreasing maize plant density from 67 to 25% of sole maize under intercropping conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean cultivars did not affect measured maize traits.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the studied maize traits were not affected by soybean cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of pattern and cultivar did not affect maize traits.
- Treatment
- interaction between intercropping patterns and soybean cultivarse0
- Outcome
- maize traitse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all the studied maize traits were not affected the interaction between intercropping patterns and soybean cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower maize density increased soybean yield and its attributes.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- decreasing maize plant density from 67 to 25% of sole maizee0
- Outcome
- Soybean yield and its attributese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except plant heighte0
- Comparator
- 67e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield and its attributes were increased significantly by decreasing maize plant density from 67 to 25% of sole maize under intercropping conditions except plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 22 had the highest intercepted canopy light, pods per plant and seed index.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- Giza 22e0
- Outcome
- intercepted light intensity within soybean canopy, number of pods per plant, seed indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The late-maturing soybean cultivar Giza 22 recorded the highest values of intercepted light intensity within soybean canopy, number of pods per plant, seed index”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 22 had the highest seed yields per plant and per ha.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- Giza 22e0
- Outcome
- seed yields per plant and per hae0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Giza 22 recorded the highest values of intercepted light intensity within soybean canopy, number of pods per plant, seed index, seed yields per plant and per ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 111 had the highest biological yield per ha, height and branches per plant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- Giza 111e0
- Outcome
- biological yield per ha, plant height and number of branches per plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest values of biological yield per ha, plant height and number of branches per plant were recorded for soybean cultivar Giza 111”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 22 had the highest seed yield per plant across patterns.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- Giza 22e0
- Outcome
- seed yield per plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- under all the intercropping patternse0
- Comparator
- the other cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar Giza 22 gave the highest seed yield per plant compared to the other cultivars under all the intercropping patterns”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 82 was better adapted to low light according to relative yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- Giza 82e0
- Outcome
- Relative yield of soybeane0
- Direction
- better adaptede0
- Comparator
- the other cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative yield of soybean showed that the early-maturing soybean cultivar Giza 82 is better adapted to low light intensity than the other cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping land equivalent and area time equivalent ratios exceeded one.
- Outcome
- Land equivalent ratio and area time equivalent ratioe0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 1.00e0
- Comparator
- sole maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Land equivalent ratio and area time equivalent ratio values for intercrops were greater than 1.00 indicating less land requirements of intercropping patterns than sole maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Four maize ridges alternating with two Giza 82 ridges gave the highest net return.
- Treatment
- Growing four maize ridges alternating with two ridges of soybean cultivar Giza 82e0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- sole maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growing four maize ridges alternating with two ridges of soybean cultivar Giza 82 achieved the highest net return compared to sole maize”
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