Abstract
The origin and early development of angle meristems (AMs) in Selaginella martensii were studied using a high-resolution mould and cast technique for scanning electron microscopy, in conjunction with light microscopy. Both dorsal and ventral AMs originate in the apical region shortly after the most recent bifurcation of the shoot apex. AMs appear to arise from a single superficial initial cell, which subsequently undergoes an oblique anticlinal division to establish the apical cell of the AM. The AM apical cell has a relatively short active life and divides laterally usually only six to twelve times; most cells of the AM originate from repeated divisions of apical cell derivatives. Dorsal and ventral AMs show similar developmental sequences, although they differ slightly in time of appearance. Ventral AMs originated first, dorsal AMs appearing shortly thereafter. At a given branch point, the ventral AM is typically larger than the corresponding dorsal AM. Both dorsal and ventral AMs grow out as rhizophores (aerial roots), although ventral AM development greatly precedes dorsal AM development. It is possible that the apparent earlier decrease in apical cell activity in dorsal AMs compared to ventral AMs could account for the lag in dorsal AM development as a rhizophore at a given branch point.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Dorsal and ventral angle meristems originate near the apex shortly after shoot bifurcation.
- Taxon
- Selaginella martensii
Selaginella martensiit0 - Organ / stage
- AMse0
- Outcome
- originate in the apical regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both dorsal and ventral AMs originate in the apical region shortly after the most recent bifurcation of the shoot apex.”
t0“Selaginella martensii”
Claim · model-written summary
Angle meristems appear to derive from one superficial cell whose oblique division establishes the apical cell.
- Taxon
- Selaginella martensiiSelaginella martensiit0
- Organ / stage
- AMse0
- Outcome
- arise from a single superficial initial celle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMs appear to arise from a single superficial initial cell, which subsequently undergoes an oblique anticlinal division to establish the apical cell of the AM.”
t0“Selaginella martensii”
Claim · model-written summary
The angle meristem apical cell generally divides laterally only six to twelve times.
- Taxon
- Selaginella martensiiSelaginella martensiit0
- Organ / stage
- AM apical celle0
- Outcome
- divides laterallye0
- Value
- six to twelve timese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AM apical cell has a relatively short active life and divides laterally usually only six to twelve times”
t0“Selaginella martensii”
Claim · model-written summary
Most angle meristem cells arise from repeated divisions of apical cell derivatives.
- Taxon
- Selaginella martensiiSelaginella martensiit0
- Organ / stage
- AMe0
- Outcome
- originate from repeated divisions of apical cell derivativese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most cells of the AM originate from repeated divisions of apical cell derivatives.”
t0“Selaginella martensii”
Claim · model-written summary
Dorsal and ventral angle meristems follow similar developmental sequences.
- Taxon
- Selaginella martensiiSelaginella martensiit0
- Organ / stage
- AMse0
- Outcome
- similar developmental sequencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dorsal and ventral AMs show similar developmental sequences”
t0“Selaginella martensii”
Claim · model-written summary
Ventral angle meristems appear before dorsal angle meristems.
- Taxon
- Selaginella martensiiSelaginella martensiit0
- Organ / stage
- Ventral AMse0
- Outcome
- originated firste0
- Comparator
- dorsal AMse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ventral AMs originated first, dorsal AMs appearing shortly thereafter.”
t0“Selaginella martensii”
Claim · model-written summary
Ventral angle meristems are typically larger than dorsal ones at the same branch point.
- Taxon
- Selaginella martensiiSelaginella martensiit0
- Organ / stage
- ventral AMe0
- Outcome
- largere0
- Direction
- largere0
- Comparator
- dorsal AMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At a given branch point, the ventral AM is typically larger than the corresponding dorsal AM.”
t0“Selaginella martensii”
Claim · model-written summary
Both dorsal and ventral angle meristems grow into rhizophores.
- Taxon
- Selaginella martensiiSelaginella martensiit0
- Organ / stage
- AMse0
- Outcome
- grow out as rhizophorese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both dorsal and ventral AMs grow out as rhizophores (aerial roots)”
t0“Selaginella martensii”
Claim · model-written summary
Ventral rhizophore development substantially precedes dorsal development.
- Taxon
- Selaginella martensiiSelaginella martensiit0
- Organ / stage
- ventral AMe0
- Outcome
- developmente0
- Direction
- greatly precedese0
- Comparator
- dorsal AMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ventral AM development greatly precedes dorsal AM development.”
t0“Selaginella martensii”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that earlier loss of dorsal apical cell activity could explain later dorsal rhizophore development.
- Taxon
- Selaginella martensiiSelaginella martensiit0
- Organ / stage
- dorsal AMse0
- Outcome
- lag in dorsal AM development as a rhizophoree0
- Qualifier
- earlier decrease in apical cell activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is possible that the apparent earlier decrease in apical cell activity in dorsal AMs compared to ventral AMs could account for the lag in dorsal AM development as a rhizophore at a given branch point.”
t0“Selaginella martensii”