Abstract
The gametophytic development and apogamy of the fern Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C.Chr.were observed by microscope and semithin section technique.The results exhibited that the spores are tawny,tetrahedral,and trilete.During the period of germination a rhizoid was produced firstly,then the prothallial initial cells.The germination was of the Vittaria-type.The prothallial cells,after experiencing the stages of filament and thallus,developed into prothallium.The pattern of the prothallial development was Ceratopteris-type.The filaments were rich in branches and they formed cluster prothallia.Antheridia were generated on the prothallia,but no archegonia were formed through repeated experiments.This species belonged to obligate apogamy.The observation of semithin section showed that the apogamous embryo is caused by the divisions of a group of small cells,which originated from the gametophytic cells behind the apical notch of the prothallium.The apogamous bud was differentiated first from the small cells,and then the root.The apogamous bud and the embryo root were connected by the differentiated vessels which also connected the gametphyte and the sporephyte.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Spores were tawny, tetrahedral and trilete.
- Taxon
- Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.Onychium siliculosumt0
- Outcome
- spores are tawny,tetrahedral,and triletee0
Verbatim
e0“the spores are tawny,tetrahedral,and trilete”
t0“Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.”
Claim · model-written summary
A rhizoid formed before prothallial initial cells during germination.
- Taxon
- Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C.Chr.Onychium siliculosumt0
- Outcome
- a rhizoid was produced firstly,then the prothallial initial cellse0
Verbatim
e0“During the period of germination a rhizoid was produced firstly,then the prothallial initial cells”
t0“Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination was Vittaria type.
- Taxon
- Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.Onychium siliculosumt0
- Outcome
- Vittaria-typee0
Verbatim
e0“The germination was of the Vittaria-type”
t0“Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Prothallial cells developed through filament and thallus stages into a prothallium.
- Taxon
- Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.Onychium siliculosumt0
- Outcome
- developed into prothalliume0
Verbatim
e0“The prothallial cells,after experiencing the stages of filament and thallus,developed into prothallium”
t0“Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Prothallial development was Ceratopteris type.
- Taxon
- Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.Onychium siliculosumt0
- Outcome
- Ceratopteris-typee0
Verbatim
e0“The pattern of the prothallial development was Ceratopteris-type”
t0“Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Branch rich filaments formed clustered prothallia.
- Taxon
- Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.Onychium siliculosumt0
- Outcome
- cluster prothalliae0
Verbatim
e0“The filaments were rich in branches and they formed cluster prothallia”
t0“Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Antheridia formed on the prothallia.
- Taxon
- Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.Onychium siliculosumt0
- Outcome
- Antheridia were generated on the prothalliae0
Verbatim
e0“Antheridia were generated on the prothallia”
t0“Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Archegonia did not form in repeated experiments.
- Taxon
- Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.Onychium siliculosumt0
- Outcome
- no archegonia were formede0
Verbatim
e0“but no archegonia were formed through repeated experiments”
t0“Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.”
Claim · model-written summary
The species showed obligate apogamy.
- Taxon
- Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.Onychium siliculosumt0
- Outcome
- obligate apogamye0
Verbatim
e0“This species belonged to obligate apogamy”
t0“Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Apogamous embryos originated from divisions of gametophytic cells behind the prothallium apical notch.
- Taxon
- Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.Onychium siliculosumt0
- Outcome
- apogamous embryoe0
- Qualifier
- divisions of a group of small cellse0
Verbatim
e0“the apogamous embryo is caused by the divisions of a group of small cells,which originated from the gametophytic cells behind the apical notch of the prothallium”
t0“Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Apogamous buds differentiated before roots.
- Taxon
- Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.Onychium siliculosumt0
- Outcome
- apogamous bud was differentiated first from the small cells,and then the roote0
Verbatim
e0“The apogamous bud was differentiated first from the small cells,and then the root”
t0“Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Differentiated vessels connected apogamous buds and embryo roots, and gametophytes and sporophytes.
- Taxon
- Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.Onychium siliculosumt0
- Outcome
- connected by the differentiated vesselse0
Verbatim
e0“The apogamous bud and the embryo root were connected by the differentiated vessels which also connected the gametphyte and the sporephyte”
t0“Onychium siliculosum(Desv.) C. Chr.”