Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of potassium and organic fertilizer on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield of spring maize in phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer application to an experimental field on the Changwu tableland of the Loess Plateau.Results showed that application of potassium fertilizer decreased the LAI,leaf water potential,dry matter accumulation,and leaf photosynthetic and transpiration rate before the filling stage,but increased the LAI,dry matter accumulation,and photosynthetic rate after the filling stage.The difference was significant in contrast to CK.This indicated that the effects of potassium fertilizer on spring maize mostly occurred at the later growing stage.In contrast to CK,the effects could significantly increase SPAD and plant height through the whole growing stage,increase grain yield by 844.8 kg/ha,or 10%,and reduce harvest index by 3.2%.However,application of organic fertilizer could significantly increase the LAI,plant height,SPAD,photosynthetic and transpiration rate(except leaf WUE and water potential),and yield,and increase grain yield by 687.8 kg/ha,or 20.0 %.Application of organic fertilizer could raise biomass yield by 11025 kg/ha,or by 18.7%,with the harvest index reaching to 48.8%.The application of organic fertilizer for biomass yield had significant difference(P0.05) in contrast to CK and potassium fertilizer application,increasing 6.5% and 9.7%,respectively.The effects of organic fertilizer on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and the yield were greater than those of potassium fertilizer in the tableland of enriched potassium,but application of potassium and organic fertilizer had no significant effects on the leaf WUE.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium reduced LAI, leaf water potential and dry matter accumulation before filling.
- Treatment
- application of potassium fertilizere0
- Outcome
- LAI,leaf water potential,dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- before the filling stagee0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of potassium fertilizer decreased the LAI,leaf water potential,dry matter accumulation,and leaf photosynthetic and transpiration rate before the filling stage”
t0“Spring Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium reduced leaf photosynthetic and transpiration rates before filling.
- Treatment
- application of potassium fertilizere0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic and transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- before the filling stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of potassium fertilizer decreased the LAI,leaf water potential,dry matter accumulation,and leaf photosynthetic and transpiration rate before the filling stage”
t0“Spring Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium increased LAI, dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic rate after filling.
- Treatment
- application of potassium fertilizere1
- Outcome
- LAI,dry matter accumulation,and photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- after the filling stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but increased the LAI,dry matter accumulation,and photosynthetic rate after the filling stage”
e1“application of potassium fertilizer”
t0“Spring Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium significantly increased SPAD and plant height throughout growth.
- Treatment
- application of potassium fertilizere1
- Outcome
- SPAD and plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- through the whole growing stagee0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast to CK,the effects could significantly increase SPAD and plant height through the whole growing stage”
e1“application of potassium fertilizer”
t0“Spring Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium increased maize grain yield by 844.8 kg/ha.
- Treatment
- application of potassium fertilizere1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 844.8 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- CKe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase grain yield by 844.8 kg/ha,or 10%”
e1“application of potassium fertilizer”
e2“In contrast to CK”
t0“Spring Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium reduced harvest index by 3.2%.
- Treatment
- application of potassium fertilizere1
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Value
- 3.2%e0
- Comparator
- CKe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduce harvest index by 3.2%”
e1“application of potassium fertilizer”
e2“In contrast to CK”
t0“Spring Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer significantly increased LAI, height and SPAD.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of organic fertilizer could significantly increase the LAI,plant height,SPAD,photosynthetic and transpiration rate”
t0“Spring Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer significantly increased photosynthetic and transpiration rates.
- Treatment
- application of organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic and transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of organic fertilizer could significantly increase the LAI,plant height,SPAD,photosynthetic and transpiration rate”
t0“Spring Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer increased grain yield by 687.8 kg/ha.
- Treatment
- application of organic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 687.8 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase grain yield by 687.8 kg/ha,or 20.0 %”
e1“However,application of organic fertilizer”
t0“Spring Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer increased biomass yield by 11025 kg/ha.
- Treatment
- Application of organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- biomass yielde0
- Direction
- raisee0
- Value
- 11025 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of organic fertilizer could raise biomass yield by 11025 kg/ha,or by 18.7%”
t0“Spring Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer produced a harvest index of 48.8%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the harvest index reaching to 48.8%”
e1“Application of organic fertilizer”
t0“Spring Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer biomass yield differed significantly from CK by 6.5%.
- Treatment
- application of organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- biomass yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 6.5%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of organic fertilizer for biomass yield had significant difference(P0.05) in contrast to CK and potassium fertilizer application,increasing 6.5% and 9.7%,respectively.”
t0“Spring Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer biomass yield exceeded potassium fertilizer by 9.7%.
- Treatment
- application of organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- biomass yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 9.7%e0
- Comparator
- potassium fertilizer applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of organic fertilizer for biomass yield had significant difference(P0.05) in contrast to CK and potassium fertilizer application,increasing 6.5% and 9.7%,respectively.”
t0“Spring Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer had greater effects on photosynthetic physiology and yield than potassium fertilizer.
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic physiological characteristics and the yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- potassium fertilizere0
- Setting
- tableland of enriched potassiume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of organic fertilizer on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and the yield were greater than those of potassium fertilizer in the tableland of enriched potassium”
t0“Spring Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium and organic fertilizers had no significant effect on leaf WUE.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of potassium and organic fertilizer had no significant effects on the leaf WUE.”
t0“Spring Maize”
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