Abstract
An investigation of orange production and nutrients management on citrus was carried out in Hubei Province,one of the main citrus growth area in China,including 111 citrus orchards distributed in 13 counties It was showed that 91 9%,86 5% and 68 5% orchards was applied N,P and K fertilizer both in organic and/or inorganic fertilizer,and only 45 0% citrus was applied organic manure The average of N,P and K application rates (per tree and one year) were 0 38 kg N,0 18kg P 2O 5 and 0 13 kg K 2O,respectively Inorganic resource N,P and K account for 78 9%?72 2% and 61 5% N∶P 2O 5∶K 2O application ratio was 1∶0 47∶0 34 and inorganic fertilizer N∶P 2O 5∶K 2O ratio was 1∶0 43∶0 27 The result indicated that fertilizer application considerably increased orange yield Compared with the yield without nutrient application,N,P and K fertilization raised fruit yield by 58 2%,3 4% and 49 0% The nutrients application efficiency of N,P and K was 65 3 kg fruit per kg K 2O,and 30 5 kg fruit per kg N and 5 5 kg fruit per kg P 2O 5,respectively The investigation also demonstrated that foliar spray was a good measure for citrus nutrients management The percentage of KH 2PO 4,Urea,B and Zn spray was 35 3%,23 5%,19 6% and 13 7%,respectively The problems in citrus nutrients management were displayed as follow:(1)The difference of nutrients application rate was large in different areas and different orchards (2)Generally speaking,the nutrients application rate was low (3)The nutrients rate from organic manure was low and the percentage was small (4)The ratio of N∶P∶K was unbalanced especially K was too low (5)The nutrients distribution in different time was unsuitable especially in fruit expanding stage the nutrients application was too small In the end of the paper some suggestions were gave for citrus nutrients management
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
N, P and K fertilizer were applied in 91 9%, 86 5% and 68 5% of citrus orchards, respectively.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“91 9%,86 5% and 68 5% orchards was applied N,P and K fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Only 45 0% of citrus received organic manure.
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only 45 0% citrus was applied organic manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Average annual N, P and K application rates per tree were 0 38 kg N, 0 18kg P 2O 5 and 0 13 kg K 2O, respectively.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The average of N,P and K application rates (per tree and one year) were 0 38 kg N,0 18kg P 2O 5 and 0 13 kg K 2O”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic sources accounted for 78 9%, 72 2% and 61 5% of N, P and K.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Inorganic resource N,P and K account for 78 9%?72 2% and 61 5%”
Claim · model-written summary
The N:P:K application ratio was 1:0.47:0.34, while the inorganic fertilizer ratio was 1:0.43:0.27.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“N∶P 2O 5∶K 2O application ratio was 1∶0 47∶0 34 and inorganic fertilizer N∶P 2O 5∶K 2O ratio was 1∶0 43∶0 27”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization raised orange fruit yield by 58 2% compared with no nutrient application.
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- raisede0
- Value
- 58 2%e0
- Comparator
- without nutrient applicatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the yield without nutrient application,N,P and K fertilization raised fruit yield by 58 2%,3 4% and 49 0%”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilization raised orange fruit yield by 3 4% compared with no nutrient application.
- Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- raisede0
- Value
- 3 4%e0
- Comparator
- without nutrient applicatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the yield without nutrient application,N,P and K fertilization raised fruit yield by 58 2%,3 4% and 49 0%”
Claim · model-written summary
K fertilization raised orange fruit yield by 49 0% compared with no nutrient application.
- Treatment
- K fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- raisede0
- Value
- 49 0%e0
- Comparator
- without nutrient applicatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the yield without nutrient application,N,P and K fertilization raised fruit yield by 58 2%,3 4% and 49 0%”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient application efficiencies were 65 3 kg fruit per kg K 2O, 30 5 kg fruit per kg N and 5 5 kg fruit per kg P 2O 5.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The nutrients application efficiency of N,P and K was 65 3 kg fruit per kg K 2O,and 30 5 kg fruit per kg N and 5 5 kg fruit per kg P 2O 5”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spray was described as a good citrus nutrient management measure.
- Outcome
- foliar spray was a good measuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spray was a good measure for citrus nutrients management”
Claim · model-written summary
The percentages of KH 2PO 4, urea, B and Zn spray were 35 3%, 23 5%, 19 6% and 13 7%, respectively.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of KH 2PO 4,Urea,B and Zn spray was 35 3%,23 5%,19 6% and 13 7%”
Claim · model-written summary
The survey found large variation in nutrient rates among areas and orchards, generally low rates, low organic manure contribution, an unbalanced N:P:K ratio and insufficient application at fruit expansion.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The problems in citrus nutrients management were displayed as follow:(1)The difference of nutrients application rate was large in different areas and different orchards (2)Generally speaking,the nutrients application rate was low (3)The nutrients rate from organic manure was low and the percentage was small (4)The ratio of N∶P∶K was unbalanced especially K was too low (5)The nutrients distribution in different time was unsuitable especially in fruit expanding stage the nutrients application was too small”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · CitrusResults differ
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- no effect
- no effect
- negative
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- no effect
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See all 26 papers →phosphorus · yield · CitrusResults agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.