Abstract
Field experiments were carried out to verify the optimum uncovering plastic film period and nitrogen rate for higher yield,water use efficiency and better physiology,growth condition of maize in mulched fields in the Guanzhong Region,Shaanxi Province and to provide basis for the development of rational cultivation measures.Under field condition,three uncovering plastic film periods(uncovering plastic film at the jointing-tasselling stage,uncovering plastic film at the tasselling stage and mulching plastic film) and three nitrogen rates(N 0,120 and 240 kg/ha) were applied to study the interaction between uncovering plastic film period and nitrogen rate on physiology,growth,yield and water use efficiency of film mulching summer maize.The results show that uncovering plastic film period and nitrogen rate have significant effects on physiology,growth,yield and water use efficiency of summer maize,and the interactive effect between them is not significant.Through improving the gas and heat conditions around the roots,and increasing the root activity,the uncovering plastic film at the tasselling stage increases the plant height,leaf area,and dry mass accumulation and leaf photosynthetic rate,decreases the leaf MDA content,and has better ear characters,yield and water use efficiency in comparison with the mulching plastic film treatment under the three nitrogen rates.However,there are no significant differences between the uncovering plastic film at the jointing-tasselling stage and the mulching plastic film treatments.With the same uncovering plastic film period,applying nitrogen fertilizer amounts of N L(N 120 kg/ha) or N H(N 240 kg/ha) are better than that of the N Z(N 0) treatment in the physiology,growth,yield and water use efficiency of summer maize,however,there are no significant differences between the N H and N L treatments.As the increasing of nitrogen rates,the leaf photosynthetic rate,yield and water use efficiency are decreased,while the leaf MDA content is increased.In this study,taking yield,water and nitrogen use efficiencies and environment effect into consideration,the appropriate uncovering plastic film period and nitrogen rate of summer maize in mulched fields in the Guanzhong Region are uncovering plastic film at the tasselling stage and N 120 kg/ha respectively,the yield and water use efficiency of which are 11362 kg/ha and 34 kg /(ha·mm).
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Film uncovering period and nitrogen rate significantly affected maize physiology, growth, yield and water use efficiency.
- Treatment
- uncovering plastic film period and nitrogen ratee0
- Outcome
- physiology,growth,yield and water use efficiencye0
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“uncovering plastic film period and nitrogen rate have significant effects on physiology,growth,yield and water use efficiency of summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction between film uncovering period and nitrogen rate was not significant.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the interactive effect between them is not significant”
t0“different uncovering plastic film periods and nitrogen rates on physiology,growth,yield and water use efficiency of summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Uncovering film at tasselling increased height, leaf area and dry mass versus continued mulch at all three nitrogen rates.
- Treatment
- uncovering plastic film at the tasselling stagee0
- Outcome
- plant height,leaf area,and dry mass accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- under the three nitrogen ratese0
- Comparator
- mulching plastic film treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the uncovering plastic film at the tasselling stage increases the plant height,leaf area,and dry mass accumulation and leaf photosynthetic rate,decreases the leaf MDA content,and has better ear characters,yield and water use efficiency in comparison with the mulching plastic film treatment under the three nitrogen rates”
t0“summer maize in Guanzhong Region”
Claim · model-written summary
Tasselling stage uncovering increased leaf photosynthetic rate versus continued mulch.
- Treatment
- uncovering plastic film at the tasselling stagee0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- mulching plastic film treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the uncovering plastic film at the tasselling stage increases the plant height,leaf area,and dry mass accumulation and leaf photosynthetic rate,decreases the leaf MDA content,and has better ear characters,yield and water use efficiency in comparison with the mulching plastic film treatment under the three nitrogen rates”
t0“summer maize in Guanzhong Region”
Claim · model-written summary
Tasselling stage uncovering decreased leaf MDA content versus continued mulch.
- Treatment
- uncovering plastic film at the tasselling stagee0
- Outcome
- leaf MDA contente0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Comparator
- mulching plastic film treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the uncovering plastic film at the tasselling stage increases the plant height,leaf area,and dry mass accumulation and leaf photosynthetic rate,decreases the leaf MDA content,and has better ear characters,yield and water use efficiency in comparison with the mulching plastic film treatment under the three nitrogen rates”
t0“summer maize in Guanzhong Region”
Claim · model-written summary
Tasselling stage uncovering improved ear characters, yield and water use efficiency versus continued mulch.
- Treatment
- uncovering plastic film at the tasselling stagee0
- Outcome
- ear characters,yield and water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- mulching plastic film treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the uncovering plastic film at the tasselling stage increases the plant height,leaf area,and dry mass accumulation and leaf photosynthetic rate,decreases the leaf MDA content,and has better ear characters,yield and water use efficiency in comparison with the mulching plastic film treatment under the three nitrogen rates”
t0“summer maize in Guanzhong Region”
Claim · model-written summary
Uncovering at jointing tasselling did not differ significantly from continued mulch.
- Treatment
- uncovering plastic film at the jointing-tasselling stagee0
- Outcome
- significant differencese0
- Comparator
- mulching plastic film treatmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there are no significant differences between the uncovering plastic film at the jointing-tasselling stage and the mulching plastic film treatments”
t0“summer maize in Guanzhong Region”
Claim · model-written summary
N 120 kg/ha outperformed N 0 for physiology, growth, yield and water use efficiency.
- Treatment
- N 120 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- physiology,growth,yield and water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- N Z(N 0)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying nitrogen fertilizer amounts of N L(N 120 kg/ha) or N H(N 240 kg/ha) are better than that of the N Z(N 0) treatment in the physiology,growth,yield and water use efficiency of summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
N 240 kg/ha outperformed N 0 for physiology, growth, yield and water use efficiency.
- Treatment
- N 240 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- physiology,growth,yield and water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- N Z(N 0)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying nitrogen fertilizer amounts of N L(N 120 kg/ha) or N H(N 240 kg/ha) are better than that of the N Z(N 0) treatment in the physiology,growth,yield and water use efficiency of summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The N 240 and N 120 treatments did not differ significantly.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there are no significant differences between the N H and N L treatments”
t0“summer maize in Guanzhong Region”
Claim · model-written summary
As nitrogen rates rose, leaf photosynthetic rate, yield and water use efficiency fell.
- Treatment
- nitrogen ratese0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic rate,yield and water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the increasing of nitrogen rates,the leaf photosynthetic rate,yield and water use efficiency are decreased”
t0“summer maize in Guanzhong Region”
Claim · model-written summary
As nitrogen rates rose, leaf MDA content increased.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the increasing of nitrogen rates,the leaf photosynthetic rate,yield and water use efficiency are decreased,while the leaf MDA content is increased”
t0“summer maize in Guanzhong Region”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend tasselling stage film uncovering and N 120 kg/ha for maize in the region.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the appropriate uncovering plastic film period and nitrogen rate of summer maize in mulched fields in the Guanzhong Region are uncovering plastic film at the tasselling stage and N 120 kg/ha respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At the recommended regime, maize yield was 11362 kg/ha.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield and water use efficiency of which are 11362 kg/ha and 34 kg /(ha·mm)”
t0“summer maize in Guanzhong Region”
Claim · model-written summary
At the recommended regime, maize water use efficiency was 34 kg /(ha·mm).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield and water use efficiency of which are 11362 kg/ha and 34 kg /(ha·mm)”
t0“summer maize in Guanzhong Region”
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