Abstract
【Objective】Grain protein content is an important quality index in rice.The objective of this study was to develop a process based simulation model for predicting the content and accumulation of grain protein under different cultural conditions.【Method】On the basis of the field experiments involving different eco-sites,cultivar types and nitrogen rates,the fundamental relationships between grain protein accumulation and environmental and genetic factors were quantified by modeling the processes of nitrogen assimilation and partitioning within plant.【Result】The model proposed that the rate of individual grain nitrogen accumulation was determined by the nitrogen availability restricted by source and nitrogen accumulation rate restricted by sink.Nitrogen availability of individual grain restricted by source was the sum of nitrogen uptake and remobilization from the vegetative organs post-anthesis,whereas nitrogen accumulation rate restricted by sink was dependent on potential nitrogen accumulation rate and interactive effects of temperature,water and nitrogen factors.Post-anthesis nitrogen uptake exhibited a logarithmic relationship to increasing grain weight.Nitrogen remobilization from the vegetative organs was provided from nitrogen accumulated in both leaves and stems.Relative nitrogen contents in leaves and stems pre-anthesis linearly increased with the accumulative growing degree-days after sowing,while those post-anthesis linearly decreased with the growing degree-days.The model was tested using the independent data sets of different years,eco-sites,cultivars,nitrogen rates,and it exhibited a good fit between the simulated and observed values,with the R2 of 0.968,0.980,0.974,0.970 and 0.976,and RMSE of 16.55%,13.24%,9.53%,10.93% and 9.29% for nitrogen uptake amounts of leaf and stem before anthesis,grain nitrogen uptake amount after anthesis,and nitrogen translocation amount of leaf and stem after anthesis,respectively,with the RMSE of 7.82% and R2 of 0.930 for grain protein content,respectively.【Conclusion】The simulation model based on nitrogen assimilation and translocation in rice could give a reliable prediction of plant nitrogen uptake and translocation amounts,and grain protein content and accumulation under different cultural conditions,which would provide a quantitative tool for grain quality prediction.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The model attributed individual grain nitrogen accumulation rate to source nitrogen availability and sink accumulation capacity.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- rate of individual grain nitrogen accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- nitrogen availability restricted by source and nitrogen accumulation rate restricted by sinke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rate of individual grain nitrogen accumulation was determined by the nitrogen availability restricted by source and nitrogen accumulation rate restricted by sink”
t0“in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The modeled source availability was the sum of uptake and remobilization after anthesis.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen availability of individual grain restricted by sourcee0
- Qualifier
- sum of nitrogen uptake and remobilization from the vegetative organs post-anthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen availability of individual grain restricted by source was the sum of nitrogen uptake and remobilization from the vegetative organs post-anthesis”
t0“in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The modeled sink rate depended on potential accumulation and temperature, water and nitrogen effects.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- nitrogen accumulation rate restricted by sinke0
- Qualifier
- potential nitrogen accumulation rate and interactive effects of temperature,water and nitrogen factorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen accumulation rate restricted by sink was dependent on potential nitrogen accumulation rate and interactive effects of temperature,water and nitrogen factors”
t0“in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-anthesis nitrogen uptake had a logarithmic relationship with increasing grain weight.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Outcome
- Post-anthesis nitrogen uptakee0
- Qualifier
- logarithmic relationshipe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Post-anthesis nitrogen uptake exhibited a logarithmic relationship to increasing grain weight”
t0“in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen remobilization after anthesis drew on nitrogen in leaves and stems.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and stemse0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen remobilization from the vegetative organse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen remobilization from the vegetative organs was provided from nitrogen accumulated in both leaves and stems”
t0“in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative leaf and stem nitrogen content increased linearly with accumulated growing degree days before anthesis.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and stems pre-anthesise0
- Outcome
- Relative nitrogen contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative nitrogen contents in leaves and stems pre-anthesis linearly increased with the accumulative growing degree-days after sowing”
t0“in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative leaf and stem nitrogen content decreased linearly with growing degree days after anthesis.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and stemse1
- Outcome
- Relative nitrogen contentse1
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those post-anthesis linearly decreased with the growing degree-days”
e1“Relative nitrogen contents in leaves and stems pre-anthesis”
t0“in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The model fit pre-anthesis leaf nitrogen uptake with R2 0.968 and RMSE 16.55%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptake amounts of leafe0
- Value
- 16.55%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.968e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R2 of 0.968,0.980,0.974,0.970 and 0.976,and RMSE of 16.55%,13.24%,9.53%,10.93% and 9.29% for nitrogen uptake amounts of leaf and stem before anthesis”
t0“in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The model fit pre-anthesis stem nitrogen uptake with R2 0.980 and RMSE 13.24%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- steme0
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptake amounts of leaf and steme0
- Value
- 13.24%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.980e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R2 of 0.968,0.980,0.974,0.970 and 0.976,and RMSE of 16.55%,13.24%,9.53%,10.93% and 9.29% for nitrogen uptake amounts of leaf and stem before anthesis”
t0“in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The model fit post-anthesis grain nitrogen uptake with R2 0.974 and RMSE 9.53%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- grain nitrogen uptake amount after anthesise0
- Value
- 9.53%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.974e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R2 of 0.968,0.980,0.974,0.970 and 0.976,and RMSE of 16.55%,13.24%,9.53%,10.93% and 9.29% for nitrogen uptake amounts of leaf and stem before anthesis,grain nitrogen uptake amount after anthesis”
t0“in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The model fit post-anthesis leaf nitrogen translocation with R2 0.970 and RMSE 10.93%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen translocation amount of leaf and stem after anthesise0
- Value
- 10.93%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.970e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R2 of 0.968,0.980,0.974,0.970 and 0.976,and RMSE of 16.55%,13.24%,9.53%,10.93% and 9.29% for nitrogen uptake amounts of leaf and stem before anthesis,grain nitrogen uptake amount after anthesis,and nitrogen translocation amount of leaf and stem after anthesis”
t0“in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The model fit post-anthesis stem nitrogen translocation with R2 0.976 and RMSE 9.29%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- steme0
- Outcome
- nitrogen translocation amount of leaf and stem after anthesise0
- Value
- 9.29%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.976e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R2 of 0.968,0.980,0.974,0.970 and 0.976,and RMSE of 16.55%,13.24%,9.53%,10.93% and 9.29% for nitrogen uptake amounts of leaf and stem before anthesis,grain nitrogen uptake amount after anthesis,and nitrogen translocation amount of leaf and stem after anthesis”
t0“in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The model fit grain protein content with R2 0.930 and RMSE 7.82%.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“RMSE of 7.82% and R2 of 0.930 for grain protein content”