Abstract
Land use practice significantly affects soil properties. Soil is a major sink for atmospheric carbon, and soil organic carbon (SOC) is considered as an essential indicator of soil quality. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of N and P applied to Suaeda salsa on biomass production, SOC concentration, labile organic carbon (LOC) concentration, SOC pool and carbon management index (CMI) as well as the effect of the land use practice on soil quality of coastal tidal lands in east coastal region of China. The study provided relevant references for coastal exploitation, tidal land management and related study in other countries and regions. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design, consisting of four N-fertilization rates (0 (N0), 60 (N1), 120 (N2) and 180 kg ha−1 (N3)), three P-fertilization rates (0 (P0), 70 (P1) and 105 kg ha−1 (P2)) and bare land without vegetation. N and P applied to S. salsa on coastal tidal lands significantly affected biomass production (above-ground biomass and roots), bulk density (ρb), available N and P, SOC, LOC, SOC pool and CMI. Using statistical analysis, significantly interactions in N and P were observed for biomass production and the dominant factor for S. salsa production was N in continuous 2-yr experiments. There were no significant interactions between N and P for SOC concentration, LOC concentration and SOC pool. However, significant interaction was obtained for CMI at the 0-20 cm depth and N played a dominant role in the variation of CMI. There were significant improvements for soil measured attributes and parameters, which suggested that increasing the rates of N and P significantly decreased ρb at the 0–20 cm depth and increased available N and P, SOC, LOC, SOC pool as well as CMI at both the 0–20 and 20–40 cm depth, respectively. By correlation analysis, there were significantly positive correlations between biomass (above-ground biomass and roots) and SOC as well as LOC in 2010 and 2011 across all soil depth, respectively. The treatment with N at 180 kg ha−1 and P at 105 kg ha−1 was superior to the other treatments. The results from the 2-yr continuous experiments indicated that, in short-term, there were a few accumulation of SOC and LOC concentrations by means of N and P application to S. salsa, whereas in the long run, S. salsa with N and P application was recommended for coastal tidal lands because of its great potential of carbon sequestration, improvements of soil nutrition status and promotion of soil quality.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and phosphorus application significantly affected above-ground and root biomass.
- Taxon
- Suaeda salsa
Suaeda salsat0 - Treatment
- N and Pe0
- Outcome
- biomass production (above-ground biomass and roots)e0
- Setting
- coastal tidal landse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e0“N and P applied to S. salsa on coastal tidal lands significantly affected biomass production (above-ground biomass and roots)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and phosphorus application significantly affected soil bulk density and available nitrogen and phosphorus.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e0“N and P applied to S. salsa on coastal tidal lands significantly affected biomass production (above-ground biomass and roots), bulk density (ρb), available N and P, SOC, LOC, SOC pool and CMI”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and phosphorus application significantly affected soil SOC, LOC, SOC pool and CMI.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“N and P applied to S. salsa on coastal tidal lands significantly affected biomass production (above-ground biomass and roots), bulk density (ρb), available N and P, SOC, LOC, SOC pool and CMI”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and phosphorus interacted significantly for biomass production.
- Taxon
- Suaeda salsaSuaeda salsat0
- Treatment
- N and Pe0
- Outcome
- biomass productione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e0“significantly interactions in N and P were observed for biomass production”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen was the dominant factor for Suaeda salsa production over two years.
- Taxon
- S. salsaSuaeda salsae0
- Outcome
- S. salsa productione0
- Qualifier
- continuous 2-yr experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dominant factor for S. salsa production was N in continuous 2-yr experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and phosphorus had no significant interaction for SOC concentration, LOC concentration or SOC pool.
- Treatment
- N and Pe0
- Outcome
- SOC concentration, LOC concentration and SOC poole0
- Direction
- no significant interactionse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant interactions between N and P for SOC concentration, LOC concentration and SOC pool”
Claim · model-written summary
CMI had a significant interaction at 0–20 cm depth.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“significant interaction was obtained for CMI at the 0-20 cm depth”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen dominated variation in CMI.
- Outcome
- variation of CMIe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“N played a dominant role in the variation of CMI”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen and phosphorus rates significantly reduced bulk density at 0–20 cm.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“increasing the rates of N and P significantly decreased ρb at the 0–20 cm depth”
Claim · model-written summary
Available nitrogen and phosphorus increased with higher fertilization rates.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“increased available N and P, SOC, LOC, SOC pool as well as CMI at both the 0–20 and 20–40 cm depth”
Claim · model-written summary
SOC, LOC and SOC pool increased in both sampled soil depths.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“increased available N and P, SOC, LOC, SOC pool as well as CMI at both the 0–20 and 20–40 cm depth”
Claim · model-written summary
CMI increased at both sampled soil depths.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“increased available N and P, SOC, LOC, SOC pool as well as CMI at both the 0–20 and 20–40 cm depth”
Claim · model-written summary
Above-ground and root biomass correlated positively with SOC and LOC in 2010 and 2011 across soil depths.
- Taxon
- Suaeda salsaSuaeda salsat0
- Outcome
- biomass (above-ground biomass and roots)e0
- Direction
- positive correlationse0
- Qualifier
- in 2010 and 2011 across all soil depthe0
Not reportedCompoundTreatmentSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e0“significantly positive correlations between biomass (above-ground biomass and roots) and SOC as well as LOC in 2010 and 2011 across all soil depth”
Claim · model-written summary
The 180 kg ha−1 N plus 105 kg ha−1 P treatment was superior to other treatments.
- Taxon
- Suaeda salsaSuaeda salsat0
- Treatment
- N at 180 kg ha−1 and P at 105 kg ha−1e0
- Outcome
- superiore0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e0“The treatment with N at 180 kg ha−1 and P at 105 kg ha−1 was superior to the other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization produced a little short-term accumulation of SOC and LOC.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e0“in short-term, there were a few accumulation of SOC and LOC concentrations by means of N and P application to S. salsa”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend nitrogen and phosphorus application to Suaeda salsa on coastal tidal lands for carbon sequestration, soil nutrition and quality.
- Taxon
- S. salsaSuaeda salsae0
- Outcome
- N and P application was recommended for coastal tidal landse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. salsa with N and P application was recommended for coastal tidal lands because of its great potential of carbon sequestration, improvements of soil nutrition status and promotion of soil quality”