Abstract
The susceptibility of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) formulation and Bt corn was evaluated using insect bioassays for 6 years. Four strains of O. furnacalis were developed by laboratory selection from the laboratory strain reared on a non-agar semi-artificial diet. The RR-l strain was exposed to a commercial formulation of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) incorporated into the artificial diet, the RR-2 strain was exposed to Bt corn (MON810) tissue incorporated into the diet, and the SS-l and SS-2 strains were reared on the standard diet with or without non-Bt corn tissues material. Decreasing susceptibility of O. furnacalis to Bt and to Bt corn were found in each selected strain although the ED50 and larval weight fluctuated from generation to generation. The resistance of Bt-exposed strain (RR-1) to Btk increased 48-fold by generation 39; the Bt corn-exposed strain (RR-2) increased its resistance 37-fold to Btk by generation 24. No larvae of SS-1 survived when they were exposed to the leaves of Bt corn, Bt1 1 and MON810. However, 2-54% of the RR-1 (generation 46) and RR-2 (generation 20) larvae survived a 3 day-exposure to the leaves of Bt1 1 and MON810. The survival of both selected strains on Bt corn silk increased by 10-69%, and the larval weights after many generations selection were increased by 15-22% compared with the unselected susceptible strain. The young larvae were much more susceptible to Bt than older larvae. The highest mortality occurred when the larvae were exposed to Bt at the neonate stage. All of the results suggested that ACB could not only develop resistance to Bt preparation but also to Bt corn. Bt had significant effects on the growth and development of Asian corn borer than on the larval mortality. In order to maintain the long-term effectiveness of Bt pesticide and Bt corn, the resistance management should pay much attention to the larvae that may have opportunities to grow and developed on non-Bt corn or alternate hosts before they attack the Bt corn plants and the survival of larvae after Bt application.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Laboratory selection decreased Ostrinia furnacalis susceptibility to Bt and Bt corn in each selected strain.
- Taxon
- Bt corne1
- Treatment
- laboratory selectione0
- Interactor
- O. furnacalis
Ostrinia furnacalise1pest - Outcome
- susceptibility of O. furnacalise1
- Direction
- Decreasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four strains of O. furnacalis were developed by laboratory selection from the laboratory strain reared on a non-agar semi-artificial diet”
e1“Decreasing susceptibility of O. furnacalis to Bt and to Bt corn were found in each selected strain although the ED50 and larval weight fluctuated from generation to generation”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance of the RR-1 strain to Btk increased 48-fold by generation 39.
- Taxon
- Bt Cornt0
- Material
- RR-1e1
- Treatment
- commercial formulation of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk)e0
- Outcome
- resistancee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 48-folde1
- Qualifier
- by generation 39e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis and Bt Corn”
e0“The RR-l strain was exposed to a commercial formulation of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) incorporated into the artificial diet”
e1“The resistance of Bt-exposed strain (RR-1) to Btk increased 48-fold by generation 39”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance of the RR-2 strain exposed to Bt corn to Btk increased 37-fold by generation 24.
- Taxon
- Bt Cornt0
- Material
- RR-2e0
- Treatment
- Bt corn-exposede0
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 37-folde0
- Qualifier
- by generation 24e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis and Bt Corn”
e0“the Bt corn-exposed strain (RR-2) increased its resistance 37-fold to Btk by generation 24”
Claim · model-written summary
No SS-1 larvae survived on Bt corn leaves.
Verbatim
e0“No larvae of SS-1 survived when they were exposed to the leaves of Bt corn, Bt1 1 and MON810”
Claim · model-written summary
Two to 54% of RR-1 and RR-2 larvae survived a 3-day exposure to Bt corn leaves.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis and Bt Corn”
e0“However, 2-54% of the RR-1 (generation 46) and RR-2 (generation 20) larvae survived a 3 day-exposure to the leaves of Bt1 1 and MON810”
Claim · model-written summary
Survival of both selected strains on Bt corn silk increased by 10-69%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The survival of both selected strains on Bt corn silk increased by 10-69%”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval weights after selection increased 15-22% compared with the unselected susceptible strain.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis and Bt Corn”
e0“the larval weights after many generations selection were increased by 15-22% compared with the unselected susceptible strain”
Claim · model-written summary
Young larvae were more susceptible to Bt than older larvae.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis and Bt Corn”
e0“The young larvae were much more susceptible to Bt than older larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest larval mortality occurred when Bt was applied at the neonate stage.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis and Bt Corn”
e0“The highest mortality occurred when the larvae were exposed to Bt at the neonate stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt had larger effects on growth and development of the larvae than on larval mortality.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis and Bt Corn”
e0“Bt had significant effects on the growth and development of Asian corn borer than on the larval mortality”
Claim · model-written summary
Ostrinia furnacalis could develop resistance to Bt preparation and to Bt corn.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis and Bt Corn”
e0“All of the results suggested that ACB could not only develop resistance to Bt preparation but also to Bt corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance management should attend to larvae that may feed on non-Bt corn or alternate hosts before they attack Bt corn.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus thuringiensis and Bt Corn”
e0“the resistance management should pay much attention to the larvae that may have opportunities to grow and developed on non-Bt corn or alternate hosts”
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