Abstract
Engineered glyphosate resistance is the most widely adopted genetically modified trait in agriculture, gaining widespread acceptance by providing a simple robust weed control system. However, extensive and sustained use of glyphosate as a sole weed control mechanism has led to field selection for glyphosate-resistant weeds and has induced significant population shifts to weeds with inherent tolerance to glyphosate. Additional weed control mechanisms that can complement glyphosate-resistant crops are, therefore, urgently needed. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is an effective low-cost, broad-spectrum herbicide that controls many of the weeds developing resistance to glyphosate. We investigated the substrate preferences of bacterial aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase enzymes (AADs) that can effectively degrade 2,4-D and have found that some members of this class can act on other widely used herbicides in addition to their activity on 2,4-D. AAD-1 cleaves the aryloxyphenoxypropionate family of grass-active herbicides, and AAD-12 acts on pyridyloxyacetate auxin herbicides such as triclopyr and fluroxypyr. Maize plants transformed with an AAD-1 gene showed robust crop resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides over four generations and were also not injured by 2,4-D applications at any growth stage. Arabidopsis plants expressing AAD-12 were resistant to 2,4-D as well as triclopyr and fluroxypyr, and transgenic soybean plants expressing AAD-12 maintained field resistance to 2,4-D over five generations. These results show that single AAD transgenes can provide simultaneous resistance to a broad repertoire of agronomically important classes of herbicides, including 2,4-D, with utility in both monocot and dicot crops. These transgenes can help preserve the productivity and environmental benefits of herbicide-resistant crops.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
AAD-1 transformed maize resisted aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides over four generations.
- Treatment
- transformed with an AAD-1 genee0
- Gene
- AAD-1e0
- Outcome
- crop resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicidese0
- Direction
- robuste0
- Qualifier
- over four generationse0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize plants transformed with an AAD-1 gene showed robust crop resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides over four generations”
Claim · model-written summary
AAD-1 transformed maize was not injured by 2,4-D at any growth stage.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize plants transformed with an AAD-1 gene showed robust crop resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides over four generations and were also not injured by 2,4-D applications at any growth stage”
Claim · model-written summary
AAD-12 expressing Arabidopsis resisted 2,4-D.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Gene
- AAD-12e0
- Outcome
- resistant to 2,4-De0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis plants expressing AAD-12 were resistant to 2,4-D as well as triclopyr and fluroxypyr”
Claim · model-written summary
AAD-12 expressing Arabidopsis resisted triclopyr.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- triclopyre0
- Gene
- AAD-12e0
- Outcome
- resistant to 2,4-D as well as triclopyre0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis plants expressing AAD-12 were resistant to 2,4-D as well as triclopyr and fluroxypyr”
Claim · model-written summary
AAD-12 expressing Arabidopsis resisted fluroxypyr.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- fluroxypyre0
- Gene
- AAD-12e0
- Outcome
- resistant to 2,4-D as well as triclopyr and fluroxypyre0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis plants expressing AAD-12 were resistant to 2,4-D as well as triclopyr and fluroxypyr”
Claim · model-written summary
AAD-12 expressing soybean maintained field resistance to 2,4-D for five generations.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Gene
- AAD-12e0
- Outcome
- field resistance to 2,4-De0
- Qualifier
- over five generationse0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic soybean plants expressing AAD-12 maintained field resistance to 2,4-D over five generations”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
2,4-D · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →2,4-D · disease · ArabidopsisResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
transgenic · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.