Abstract
Hemp dogbane and wild blackberry have become significant weed problems in no-tillage corn production in Maryland. Nicosulfuron (31 to 62 g ha −1 ) plus crop oil concentrate (COC) gave 67% or more hemp dogbane and wild blackberry control. There was no difference in hemp dogbane or wild blackberry control between 31 and 94 g ai ha −1 nicosulfuron. Tank mixtures of 2,4-D or dicamba with nicosulfuron gave 72 to 100% hemp dogbane and wild blackberry control. Hemp dogbane control following applications of 560 g ha −1 2,4-D was 97% in 1989 and 63% in 1990. Wild blackberry control with 2,4-D was 40% both years. Dicamba at 280 g ha −1 gave 70 and 55% control of hemp dogbane and 75 and 65% control of wild blackberry in 1989 and 1990, respectively. Triclopyr plus 2,4-D provided 72 to 98% hemp dogbane control and 92 to 98% wild blackberry control. However, triclopyr plus 2,4-D applied at 280 plus 560 g ha −1 injured corn, and corn yields were reduced compared with weedy controls in 1990.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Nicosulfuron plus crop oil concentrate controlled hemp dogbane by at least 67%.
- Treatment
- Nicosulfuron (31 to 62 g ha −1 ) plus crop oil concentrate (COC)e0
- Interactor
- hemp dogbane
Apocynum cannabinume0weed - Outcome
- hemp dogbane and wild blackberry controle0
- Value
- 67% or moree0
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicosulfuron (31 to 62 g ha −1 ) plus crop oil concentrate (COC) gave 67% or more hemp dogbane and wild blackberry control.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicosulfuron plus crop oil concentrate controlled wild blackberry by at least 67%.
- Treatment
- Nicosulfuron (31 to 62 g ha −1 ) plus crop oil concentrate (COC)e0
- Interactor
- wild blackberrye0weed
- Outcome
- wild blackberry controle0
- Value
- 67% or moree0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicosulfuron (31 to 62 g ha −1 ) plus crop oil concentrate (COC) gave 67% or more hemp dogbane and wild blackberry control.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hemp dogbane control did not differ across nicosulfuron rates of 31 and 94 g ai ha−1.
- Treatment
- nicosulfurone0
- Interactor
- hemp dogbaneApocynum cannabinume0weed
- Outcome
- hemp dogbane or wild blackberry controle0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Comparator
- 31 and 94 g ai ha −1 nicosulfurone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no difference in hemp dogbane or wild blackberry control between 31 and 94 g ai ha −1 nicosulfuron.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild blackberry control did not differ across nicosulfuron rates of 31 and 94 g ai ha−1.
- Treatment
- nicosulfurone0
- Interactor
- wild blackberrye0weed
- Outcome
- wild blackberry controle0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Comparator
- 31 and 94 g ai ha −1 nicosulfurone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no difference in hemp dogbane or wild blackberry control between 31 and 94 g ai ha −1 nicosulfuron.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicosulfuron mixtures with 2,4-D controlled hemp dogbane by 72 to 100%.
- Treatment
- 2,4-D or dicamba with nicosulfurone0
- Interactor
- hemp dogbaneApocynum cannabinume0weed
- Outcome
- hemp dogbane and wild blackberry controle0
- Value
- 72 to 100%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tank mixtures of 2,4-D or dicamba with nicosulfuron gave 72 to 100% hemp dogbane and wild blackberry control.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicosulfuron mixtures with dicamba controlled wild blackberry by 72 to 100%.
- Treatment
- 2,4-D or dicamba with nicosulfurone0
- Interactor
- wild blackberrye0weed
- Outcome
- wild blackberry controle0
- Value
- 72 to 100%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tank mixtures of 2,4-D or dicamba with nicosulfuron gave 72 to 100% hemp dogbane and wild blackberry control.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D controlled hemp dogbane by 97% in 1989.
- Treatment
- 560 g ha −1 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- Hemp dogbaneApocynum cannabinume0weed
- Outcome
- Hemp dogbane controle0
- Value
- 97%e0
- Qualifier
- 1989e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hemp dogbane control following applications of 560 g ha −1 2,4-D was 97% in 1989 and 63% in 1990.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D controlled hemp dogbane by 63% in 1990.
- Treatment
- 560 g ha −1 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- Hemp dogbaneApocynum cannabinume0weed
- Outcome
- Hemp dogbane controle0
- Value
- 63%e0
- Qualifier
- 1990e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hemp dogbane control following applications of 560 g ha −1 2,4-D was 97% in 1989 and 63% in 1990.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D controlled wild blackberry by 40% in both years.
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- Wild blackberrye0weed
- Outcome
- Wild blackberry controle0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Qualifier
- both yearse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wild blackberry control with 2,4-D was 40% both years.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba controlled hemp dogbane by 70% in 1989.
- Treatment
- Dicamba at 280 g ha −1e0
- Interactor
- hemp dogbaneApocynum cannabinume0weed
- Outcome
- control of hemp dogbanee0
- Value
- 70e0
- Qualifier
- 1989e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba at 280 g ha −1 gave 70 and 55% control of hemp dogbane and 75 and 65% control of wild blackberry in 1989 and 1990, respectively.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba controlled hemp dogbane by 55% in 1990.
- Treatment
- Dicamba at 280 g ha −1e0
- Interactor
- hemp dogbaneApocynum cannabinume0weed
- Outcome
- control of hemp dogbanee0
- Value
- 55%e0
- Qualifier
- 1990e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba at 280 g ha −1 gave 70 and 55% control of hemp dogbane and 75 and 65% control of wild blackberry in 1989 and 1990, respectively.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba controlled wild blackberry by 75% in 1989.
- Treatment
- Dicamba at 280 g ha −1e0
- Interactor
- wild blackberrye0weed
- Outcome
- control of wild blackberrye0
- Value
- 75e0
- Qualifier
- 1989e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba at 280 g ha −1 gave 70 and 55% control of hemp dogbane and 75 and 65% control of wild blackberry in 1989 and 1990, respectively.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba controlled wild blackberry by 65% in 1990.
- Treatment
- Dicamba at 280 g ha −1e0
- Interactor
- wild blackberrye0weed
- Outcome
- control of wild blackberrye0
- Value
- 65%e0
- Qualifier
- 1990e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba at 280 g ha −1 gave 70 and 55% control of hemp dogbane and 75 and 65% control of wild blackberry in 1989 and 1990, respectively.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Triclopyr plus 2,4-D controlled hemp dogbane by 72 to 98%.
- Treatment
- Triclopyr plus 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- hemp dogbaneApocynum cannabinume0weed
- Outcome
- hemp dogbane controle0
- Value
- 72 to 98%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triclopyr plus 2,4-D provided 72 to 98% hemp dogbane control and 92 to 98% wild blackberry control.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Triclopyr plus 2,4-D controlled wild blackberry by 92 to 98%.
- Treatment
- Triclopyr plus 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- wild blackberrye0weed
- Outcome
- wild blackberry controle0
- Value
- 92 to 98%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triclopyr plus 2,4-D provided 72 to 98% hemp dogbane control and 92 to 98% wild blackberry control.”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Triclopyr plus 2,4-D injured corn.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- triclopyr plus 2,4-D applied at 280 plus 560 g ha −1e0
- Outcome
- injured corne0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“triclopyr plus 2,4-D applied at 280 plus 560 g ha −1 injured corn”
t0“Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Triclopyr plus 2,4-D reduced corn yields versus weedy controls in 1990.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- triclopyr plus 2,4-D applied at 280 plus 560 g ha −1e1
- Outcome
- corn yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 1990e0
- Comparator
- weedy controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn yields were reduced compared with weedy controls in 1990”
e1“triclopyr plus 2,4-D applied at 280 plus 560 g ha −1”
The same questions in other papers
trichlopyr · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
2,4-D · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →2,4-D · control · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →nicosulfuron · control · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
26 papers more in this group
See all 30 papers →2,4-D · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 30 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →dicamba · control · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →nicosulfuron · Apocynum cannabinum · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
dicamba · Apocynum cannabinum · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.