Abstract
Herbicides that mimic the natural auxin indole-3-acetic acid are widely used in weed control. One common auxin-like herbicide is dicamba, but despite its wide use, plant gene responses to dicamba have never been extensively studied. To further understand dicamba's mode of action, we utilized Arabidopsis auxin-insensitive mutants and compared their sensitivity to dicamba and the widely-studied auxinic herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The mutant axr4-2, which has disrupted auxin transport into cells, was resistant to 2,4-D but susceptible to dicamba. By comparing dicamba resistance in auxin signalling F-box receptor mutants (tir1-1, afb1, afb2, afb3, and afb5), only tir1-1 and afb5 were resistant to dicamba, and this resistance was additive in the double tir1-1/afb5 mutant. Interestingly, tir1-1 but not afb5 was resistant to 2,4-D. Whole genome analysis of dicamba-induced gene expression showed that 10 hours after application, dicamba stimulated many stress-responsive and signalling genes, including those involved in biosynthesis or signalling of auxin, ethylene, and abscisic acid (ABA), with TIR1 and AFB5 required for the dicamba-responsiveness of some genes. Research into dicamba-regulated gene expression and the selectivity of auxin receptors has provided molecular insight into dicamba-regulated signalling and could help in the development of novel herbicide resistance in crop plants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The axr4-2 mutant resisted 2,4-D.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Material
- axr4-2e0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- resistant to 2,4-De0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mutant axr4-2, which has disrupted auxin transport into cells, was resistant to 2,4-D but susceptible to dicamba”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The axr4-2 mutant was susceptible to dicamba.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- axr4-2e0
- Treatment
- dicambae0
- Outcome
- susceptible to dicambae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mutant axr4-2, which has disrupted auxin transport into cells, was resistant to 2,4-D but susceptible to dicamba”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
tir1-1 was resistant to dicamba.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- tir1-1e0
- Treatment
- dicambae0
- Outcome
- resistant to dicambae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only tir1-1 and afb5 were resistant to dicamba”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
afb5 was resistant to dicamba.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- afb5e0
- Treatment
- dicambae0
- Outcome
- resistant to dicambae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only tir1-1 and afb5 were resistant to dicamba”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba resistance was additive in the tir1-1/afb5 double mutant.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- tir1-1/afb5e0
- Outcome
- resistance was additivee0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this resistance was additive in the double tir1-1/afb5 mutant”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
tir1-1 was resistant to 2,4-D.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- tir1-1e0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- resistant to 2,4-De0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tir1-1 but not afb5 was resistant to 2,4-D”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
afb5 was not resistant to 2,4-D.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- afb5e0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- not afb5 was resistant to 2,4-De0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tir1-1 but not afb5 was resistant to 2,4-D”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba stimulated stress-responsive and signalling genes 10 hours after application.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- dicambae0
- Outcome
- stress-responsive and signalling genese0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- 10 hours after applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10 hours after application, dicamba stimulated many stress-responsive and signalling genes”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
TIR1 and AFB5 were required for the dicamba responsiveness of some genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- TIR1 and AFB5e0
- Outcome
- dicamba-responsiveness of some genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TIR1 and AFB5 required for the dicamba-responsiveness of some genes”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · disease · ArabidopsisResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.